Scientific Understanding Of Behavior

Front 1

Scientists do not unquestioningly accept anyone's intuitions - including their own.

Back 1

Scientific Skepticism

Front 2

Mental illness is associated with witchcraft and evil spirits.

Back 2

Pre 1400s

Front 3

Pre 1400s

Back 3

Mental illness is associated with witchcraft and evil spirits.

Front 4

Pre 1400s

___ is associated with witchcraft and eviI spirits.

Back 4

Mental Illness

Front 5

Pre 1400s

Mental illness is associated with ___ and ___.

Back 5

Witchcraft and Evil Spirits

Front 6

Trepanation/trepanning/trephination/trephining is used as treatment for mental illness.

Back 6

16th Century

Front 7

16th Century

Back 7

Trepanation/trepanning/trephination/trephining is used as treatment for mental illness.

Front 8

16th Century

___ is used as treatment for mental illness.

Back 8

Trepanation/Trepanning/Trephination/Trephining

Front 9

Lobotomy is discovered by Walter Freeman.

Back 9

1945

Front 10

1945

___ is discovered by Walter Freeman.

Back 10

Lobotomy

Front 11

1945

Lobotomy is discovered by ___.

Back 11

Walter Freeman

Front 12

Medications and therapy are now used to cure mental illness.

Back 12

2000s

Front 13

2000s

___ and ___ are now used to cure mental illness.

Back 13

Medications and Therapy

Front 14

Research has led to the development of the following:

Back 14

1. Science and Health

2. Global Advancement

3. Public Policy

Front 15

___ has led to the development of (1) science and health, (2) global advancement, and (3) public policy.

Back 15

Research

Front 16

When you rely on ___, you accept unquestioningly what (1) your own personal judgment or (2) a single story about one person's experience tells you.

Back 16

Intuition

Front 17

a single story about one person's experience

Back 17

Anecdote

Front 18

You might develop an explanation for why you keep having conflicts with your roommate, such as "He hates me," or "Having to share a bathroom creates conflict."

Back 18

Intuition and Anecdote

Front 19

A problem with ___ is that numerous cognitive and motivational biases affect our perceptions, and so we may draw erroneous conclusions about cause and effect.

Back 19

Intuition

Front 20

A problem with intuition is that numerous ___ affect our perceptions, and so we may draw erroneous conclusions about cause and effect.

Back 20

Cognitive and Motivational Biases

Front 21

A problem with intuition is that ___, and so we may draw erroneous conclusions abort cause and effect.

Back 21

numerous cognitive and motivational biases affect our perceptions

Front 22

A problem with intuition is that numerous cognitive and emotional biases affect our perceptions, and so ___.

Back 22

we may draw erroneous conclusions about cause and effect

Front 23

occurs when we focus on two events that stand out and occur together

Back 23

Illusory Correlation

Front 24

Persuasion is achieved by the speaker's personal character when the speech is so spoken as to make us think him credible. We believe good men more readily than others.

- Aristotle

Back 24

Authority

Front 25

Persuasion is achieved by the speaker's personal character when the speech is so spoken as to make us think him credible. We believe good men more readily than others.

Back 25

Aristotle

Front 26

___ is achieved by the speaker's personal character when the speech is so spoken as to make us think him credible. We believe good men more readily than others.

- Aristotle

Back 26

Persuasion

Front 27

Persuasion is achieved by the ___ when the speech is so spoken as to make us think him credible. We believe good men more readily than others.

- Aristotle

Back 27

Speaker's Personal Character

Front 28

fundamental characteristic of the scientific method

Back 28

Empiricism

Front 29

the idea that knowledge comes from observations

Back 29

Empiricism

Front 30

Empiricism - the idea that ___ comes from observations.

Back 30

knowledge

Front 31

Empiricism - the idea that knowledge comes from ___.

Back 31

observations

Front 32

Scientists do not unquestioningly accept anyone's intuitions - including their own.

Back 32

Scientific Skepticism

Front 33

Scientists recognize that their ideas are just as likely to be wrong as anyone else's.

Back 33

Scientific Skepticism

Front 34

Ideas must be evaluated on the basis of careful logic and results from scientific investigations.

Back 34

Scientific Skepticism

Front 35

Scientific Skepticism

Ideas must be evaluated on the basis of ___ and ___.

Back 35

Careful Logic and Results from Scientific Investigations

Front 36

describes an "evolved theory of science" that defines the characteristics of scientific inquiry

Back 36

Goodstein (2000)

Front 37

Goodstein (2000) describes an ___ that defines the characteristics of scientific inquiry.

Back 37

"evolved theory of science"

Front 38

Characteristics of Scientific Theory

Back 38

1. Data play a central role.

2. Scientists are not alone.

3. Science is adversarial.

4. Scientific is peer reviewed.

Front 39

the use of seemingly scientific terms and demonstrations to substantiate claims that have no basis in scientific research

Back 39

Pseudoscience

Front 40

A good example comes from a procedure called facilitated communication that has been used by therapists working with children with autism.

Back 40

Pseudoscience

Front 41

Pseudoscience

A good example comes from a procedure called ___ that has been used by therapists working with children with autism.

Back 41

Facilitated Communication

Front 42

A good example comes from a procedure called facilitated communication that has been used by therapists working with children with ___.

Back 42

Autism

Front 43

4 Goals of Behavioral Science

Back 43

1) Describe behavior

2) Predict behavior

3) Determine the cause of behavior

4) Understand/explain behavior

Front 44

Behavior is observable.

Back 44

Goal 1: Describe Behavior

Front 45

variables such as running speed, eye gaze, or loudness of laughter or something less observable like self-reports of perceptions of attractiveness

Back 45

Goal 1: Describe Behavior

Front 46

Researchers are often interested in ___ the ways in which events are systematically related to one another.

Back 46

Goal 1: Describe Behavior

Front 47

Once it has been observed with regularity that two events are related to one another, this becomes possible.

Back 47

Goal 2: Predict Behavior

Front 48

e.g., that greater attractiveness is associated with more lenient sentencing

Back 48

Goal 2: Predict Behavior

Front 49

The ability to make accurate ___ can help us make better decisions.

Back 49

Goal 2: Predict Behavior

Front 50

Why certain behaviors arises in a specific setting/environment/ situation?

Back 50

Goal 3: Determine the Cause of Behavior

Front 51

Cook and Campbell (1979) describe three types of evidence (drawn from the work of philosopher John Stuart Mill) used to identify the cause of behavior.

Back 51

1) Temporal Precedence

2) Covariation of Cause and Effect

3) Alternative Explanations

Front 52

___ describe three types of evidence (drawn from the work of John Stuart Mill) used to identify the cause of a behavior.

Back 52

Cook and Campbell (1979)

Front 53

Cook and Campbell (1979) describe three types of evidence (drawn from the work of ___) used to identify the cause of a behavior.

Back 53

Philosopher John Stuart Mill

Front 54

All behavior should be ___ by empirical data/science.

Back 54

Goal 4: Explain Behavior

Front 55

often must be discarded or revised as new evidence is gathered

Back 55

Goal 4: Explain Behavior

Front 56

tries to answer fundamental questions about the nature of behavior

Back 56

Basic Research

Front 57

Studies are often designed to address theoretical issues concerning phenomena such as cognition, emotion, motivation, learning, personality, development, and social behavior.

Back 57

Basic Research

Front 58

Travaglino, Abrams, Randsley de Moura, and Yetkili (2016) explored how group size impacts evaluation of group leaders when group leaders break rules. They found that members of smaller groups reported more embarrassment than members of larger groups when leaders break rules.

Back 58

Basic Research

Front 59

conducted to address issues in which there are practical problems and potential solutions

Back 59

Applied Research

Front 60

Leventhal et al. (2016) examined data from more than 3 000 high school students from 10 public high schools in Los Angeles County, CA, and found that vaping was associated with later more frequent and heavy cigarette use. Thus, students who reported using an e-cigarette when they were first surveyed were more likely to report smoking regular (combustible) cigarettes when surveyed again 6 months later.

Back 60

Applied Research

Front 61

What is the impact of being observed by others on a performance task like math problems?

Back 61

Basic Research

Front 62

Do violent video games increase aggression among children and young adults?

Back 62

Applied Research

Front 63

How do neurons generate neurotransmitters?

Back 63

Basic Research

Front 64

Do we process visual images and sound simultaneously?

Back 64

Basic Research

Front 65

How can a city increase recycling by residents?

Back 65

Applied Research

Front 66

Which strategies are best for coping with climate change?

Back 66

Applied Research

Front 67

book about witch hunting

Back 67

Malleus Maleficarum

Front 68

Who popularized lobotomy?

Back 68

Walter Freeman

Front 69

Who invented lobotomy?

Back 69

Dr. António Egas Moniz

Front 70

Father of Modern Psychology

Back 70

Wilhelm Wundt

Front 71

Who founded the first experimental psychology laboratory?

Back 71

Wilhelm Wundt

Front 72

Where did Wilhelm Wundt established the first experimental psychology laboratory?

Back 72

Leipzig, Germany

Front 73

Who popularized psychology?

Back 73

Sigmund Freud

Front 74

Sigmund Freud originally is a ___.

Back 74

Neurologist

Front 75

limitahan yung movements nung may autism para mas makapagcommunicate siya nang maayos

Back 75

Facilitated Communication

Front 76

5th Goal of Behavioral Science

Back 76

Improve/Intervention