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14 Cards in this Set
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Nicolaus Copernicus |
Book: On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres Theory: Heliocentric Views- argued that the earth revolved around the sun and that the sun was the center of the universe *Martin Luther and John Calvin opposed his theory based on passages from the bible* 1616 the catholic churches claimed his theory to be false |
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Tycho Brahe |
Built an observatory that helped him prove Copernicus' theory although he did not accept his theory *believed the planets revolved around the sun but the sun revolved around the earth |
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Johannes Kepler |
(Protestant scientist) Mathematically proved Copernicus theory *three laws of planetary motion* 1. Orbits of planets are elliptical 2. Planets do not move at uniform speed while in their orbits 3.the time it takes a planet to orbit the sun is directly based on its distance from the sun. *the closer the planet to the sun the faster the orbit will be |
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Galileo Galile |
Law of inertia: an object that is in motion remains on motion until it is stopped by some external force. First to use the telescope(developed and built one) *demonstrated that moons and other palnets were not perfectly round orbs *discovered the 4 moons of Jupiter Views supported by the Protestant followers Published: Dialogue Concerning the two chief world systems *Pope Urban VII forced him to retract his support of Copernicus theory*(remained on house arrest the rest of his life)
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Issac Newton |
Principle of Universal Gravitation: 1.every body in the universe attracts every other body in the universe(since these laws are unchangeable and predictable gods active participation into he natural world is not needed to explain forces of nature) Invented Calculus Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy aka Principia: detailed his principle of universal gravitation |
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Francis Bacon |
Inductive Method: observation,hypothesis,conduct experiments,organize data
Contributed to the modern scientific method along with Rene Descates |
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Rene Descartes |
Discourse on Method :book on the use of deductive reasoning(proved his existence) "Cogito ergo sum" (I think;therefore , I am) proof based on logic alone material* *Cartesian Dualism: divided all existence into the spiritual and the material*1. Spiritual can only be examined through deductive reasoning (logic)2. The material is subject to the experimental method 1. Spiritual can only be examined through deductive reasoning (logic) 2. The material is subject to the experimental method Contributed to the modern scientific method with francis bacon |
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Galen |
Beloved that the proper balance of the four humors - blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile- were the basis to human life |
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Paracelsus |
Swiss physician Experimented with various chemicals and drugs to deal with medical issues that he saw as chemical imbalance rather than humoral imbalances |
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Vesalius |
Flemish Physician The structure of the Human Body:renewed and modernized the study of the human body First to assemble human skeletons Used real people to achieve stunning details of the body( many were criminals) |
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William Harvey |
English royal physician On the movement of the heart and blood: explained how blood was pumped by the heart and circulated throughout the body via viens and arteries |
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek |
"Father of microscopy" First to see and wrote about bacteria,yeast plants, living organisms in a drop of water and the circulation of blood corpuscles in capillaries |
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Royal scientific societies |
Monarchs/Gov : encouraged science to further prestige of state and remain at the cutting edge of technology Communication: helped scientist communicated with e/o internationally *English royal society most successful and prestige* |
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Scientific Revolution |
1. Lead to the enlightment 2. Improvements in exploration: John Harrison's chronometer (ability to determine longitude) 3.helped exelerate the agricultural revolution 4. Improvements to medical knowledge 5. Reduced witch huntings bc it discredited superstition and witch craft 6.in the 17 and 18 the centuries there was the attempt to secularize science - scientists believed they studied and analyzed gods creation - debate centered on the extent in which god cont to be involved in his creation *after counter reformation the church became more hostile towards science
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