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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Scientific Method
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A way of knowing about some natural phenomena
A way of finding out through hypothesis testing IMRaD |
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Hypothesis testing
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When scientists ask questions about how natural processes work
Based on observations Tested and re-tested Supported or refuted |
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Ethology–
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the study of animal behavior
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Innate behaviors
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pre-programmed into the genetic code of animals.
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Learning
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behaviors that are greatly modifiable by experience
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Imprinting
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learning what iimageto follow at a critical age
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Habituation
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the ability to ignore stimuli that at first appear to be a threat.
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Territoriality
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a complex behavior that organizes some animal societies
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Characteristics Used in Animal Phylogeny
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-Symmetry:
-Level of Organization -Cleavage -Body Segmentation -Body Cavity -Two lines of Coelomates |
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Symmetry:
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1. Asymmetrical: SPONGES
2. Radial Symmetry: Jellies, starfish 3. Bilateral Symmetry: (most derived symmetry). Faltworms-Chordates |
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Level of Organization
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1. Cellular: SPONGES
2. Tissue Level: a. Diploblastic: Cnidarians b. Triploblastic: Flatworms-Chordates |
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Cleavage: Mitosis of the Zygote
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1. Pattern:
Radial:(Deuterostome) . Spiral: (Protostome) |
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Fate of cells
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. Determinate: (Protostome)
. Indeterminate: (Deuterostome) |
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Body Segmentation:
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Body divided into repeated series of structures
More effective locomotion |
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Body Cavity
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1. Acoelomate: (sponges, jellyfish, flatworms)
2. Pseudocoelomate: (nematodes) 3. Coelomate(eucoelom): (mollusks-chordates). |
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Advantages of a body cavity
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a. Increased ease of locomotion, hydrostatic skeleton (internal support via water pressure).
b. Circulation increased via fluid in cavity c. Allows space for heart & other internal organs. e. Digestive Tract can coil |
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Two lines of Coelomates
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a. Schizocoel---Split Mesoderm. (Protostomes)
b. Enterocoel---Outpocketsof Mesoderm. (Deuterostomes) |
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PROTOSTOME
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Spiral
Determinate Mouth: Split mesoderm Annelida, Mollusca Arthropoda |
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DEUTEROSTOME
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Radial
Indeterminate Anus Outpocketsof mesoderm Echinodermata & Chordata |
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Porifera)-
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separate origin from protozoans
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Cnidarians
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radial symmetry, diploblastic, incomplete DT, acoelomate, two body forms (polyp-hydra, medusa-jellyfish), cnidocyte
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Platyhelminthes
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cephalization
a. Blastopore--mouth b. Triploblastic c. Spiral cleavage d. No coelom, Incomplete DT |
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Nematoda roundworms
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a. Blastopore--mouth
b. Triploblastic c. Spiral cleavage d. Complete DT e. Pseudocoelom |
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Mollusks
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radula
muscular foot Coelom and Segmentation |
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Annelids-- segmented worms
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segmentation well developed
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Arthropods
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Segmentation, jointed appendages, Exoskeleton of chitin
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Echinodermata--
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radial symmetry (2nd), water vascular system, endoskeleton
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Chordata--
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bilateral, segmented, pharyngeal gill slits, dorsal hollow nerve cord, notochord
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