Scientific Measurements, Metric System, And Matter And Energy

Front 1

Scientific Method

Back 1

1. Make observations
2. Develop hypothesis
3. Test hypothesis to prove or disprove

Front 2

Exact Measurement

Back 2

Counted or defined

Front 3

Measurement number

Back 3

A number with attached Units. An instrument must be used to obtain a measurement, so some error or uncertainty is involved.

Front 4

Mass

Back 4

Measure of the amount of matter an object possesses; usually reported in grams

Front 5

Volume

Back 5

amount of space occupied by a substance. Usually measure in Liters
1 mL=1 cm3

Front 6

English Volume Relationships

Back 6

1 gallon=4 quarts
1 quarts=2 pints
1 pint=2 cups

Front 7

Guidelines for Significant Digits

Back 7

1. Non-Zero numbers are always significant
2. Zeros between numbers are significant
3. Place holder zeros are not significant
Zeros at the end of a number and after a decimal point are significant

Front 8

Metric system

Back 8

A decimal system of measurements that uses the following basic units.
meter, gram, Liter, second

Front 9

Metric Prefixes

Back 9

Kilo= 3
Deci=-1
Centi=-2
mili=-3

Front 10

Volume Conversions

Back 10

1 mL=1 cm3= 1 cc
1 L= 1000 mL= 1000 cm3

Front 11

Volume by Caculation

Back 11

Volume= Length x width x thickness

Front 12

Volume by Displacement

Back 12

The volume of an object can be measure by adding the object to a container holding water and finding the difference between the two water levels.

Front 13

Density Concept

Back 13

The amount of mass in a unit volume of Matter

Density= Mass/Volume

Units: g/cm3 or g/ mL or g/L
Density of Water 1.00 g/cm3

Front 14

Temperature

Back 14

Measure of the average energy of a single particle in a system.
Hotness or coolness of a substance is determined by the average energy of the molecules in a system. Hot molecules move master and have higher energy.

Front 15

Boiling and Freezing point of water for 3 temperature scales

Back 15

F=212 boiling, 32 Freezing
C=100 boiling, 0 Freezing
K= 373 boiling, 273 Freezing

Front 16

Heat

Back 16

Measure of total energy of all particles in a system
Heat transfers from a system at a higher temperature to one at a lower temperature. Heat always transfers from a hotter to the cooler object.

Front 17

Specific heat

Back 17

The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree C.
The higher the specific heat of a substance, the more heat it can absorb before its temperature begins to raise.

Front 18

Matter

Back 18

Anything that has Mass and Occupies space.

Front 19

Gas

Back 19

Particles are far apart and are in constant random motion.
Gases assume the shape of the container.
If volume increases, particles move apart to fill entire container. If volume decreases, particles move closer together.

Front 20

Liquid

Back 20

Particles are close together but are free to move past one another.
Liquid assume the shape of the container. Volume is constant.

Front 21

Solid

Back 21

Particles are packed tightly together; these particles vibrate but remain in their place. Solids have a definite, fixed shape. Volume is constant.

Front 22

Four changes in physical state

Back 22

Condensing-gas to liquid
Vaporizing-liquid to gas
Deposition-gas to Solid
Sublimination- solid to gas

Front 23

Pure Substance

Back 23

consist of a single chemical with a fixed composition and distinct properties.
Two types of pure substances:element and compound

Front 24

element

Back 24

consist of only one type of atom
a substance that cannot be broken down further by chemical reaction

Front 25

compound

Back 25

consist of two or more element and has a specific formula
a substance that can be chemically separated into its elements

Front 26

Mixture

Back 26

Consist of two or more compounds, but has no specific formula.
has variable composition with definite or varying properties.

Front 27

Metals

Back 27

shiny appearance
malleable, ductile
density-usually high
good conductors of heat and electricity

Front 28

Nonmetals

Back 28

dull appearance
brittle
density-usually low
poor conductors.

Front 29

Semimetals

Back 29

have properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals.

Front 30

Normal Physical State of Elements

Back 30

Mercury and Bromine are liquids
H2, N2, F2, O2, Cl2, and all Noble Gases are gases.
All other elements are solids

Front 31

Diatomic Molecules

Back 31

H2, N2, F2, O2, I2, Cl2, Br2

Front 32

Law of Definite Composition

Back 32

Compounds always contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass

Front 33

Physical Properties

Back 33

physical state (solid, liquid, gas)
color
density
melting and boiling points
solubility
hardness
odor
electrical and heat conductivity

Front 34

Chemical Properties

Back 34

Describes have a substance reacts with other substances

Front 35

Physical Change

Back 35

A process that does not alter the chemical composition of the substance

Front 36

Chemical Change

Back 36

A process that changes the chemical composition of the substance
Burning or rusting, fizzing, precipitation, release of heat or light, change in color or odor.

Front 37

Law of conservation of Mass

Back 37

matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Front 38

Kinetic energy

Back 38

Energy resulting from motion
As temperature increases, the particles move faster

Front 39

Potential Energy

Back 39

stored energy that matter possesses due to its position or its chemical bonds.

Front 40

H

Back 40

Hydrogen

Front 41

He

Back 41

Helium

Front 42

Li

Back 42

Lithium

Front 43

Be

Back 43

Beryllium

Front 44

B

Back 44

Boron

Front 45

C

Back 45

Carbon

Front 46

N

Back 46

Nitrogen

Front 47

O

Back 47

Oxygen

Front 48

F

Back 48

Fluorine

Front 49

Ne

Back 49

Neon

Front 50

Na

Back 50

Sodium

Front 51

Mg

Back 51

Magnesium

Front 52

Al

Back 52

Aluminum

Front 53

Si

Back 53

Silicon

Front 54

P

Back 54

Phosphorus

Front 55

S

Back 55

Sulfur

Front 56

Cl

Back 56

Chlorine

Front 57

Ar

Back 57

Argon

Front 58

K

Back 58

Potassium

Front 59

Ca

Back 59

Calcium

Front 60

Sc

Back 60

Scandium

Front 61

Ti

Back 61

Titanium

Front 62

Mn

Back 62

Manganese

Front 63

Fe

Back 63

Iron

Front 64

Co

Back 64

Cobalt

Front 65

Ni

Back 65

Nickel

Front 66

Cu

Back 66

Copper

Front 67

Zn

Back 67

Ainc

Front 68

Br

Back 68

Bromine

Front 69

Ag

Back 69

Silver

Front 70

Sn

Back 70

Tin

Front 71

I

Back 71

Iodine

Front 72

Ba

Back 72

Barium

Front 73

Au

Back 73

Gold

Front 74

Hg

Back 74

Mercury

Front 75

Pb

Back 75

Lead

Front 76

Bi

Back 76

Bismuth