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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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MASS
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-The amount of matter an object contains.
-Never Changes |
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WEIGHT
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-Force of gravity pulling down on the mass of an object.
-Can change |
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INFER
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-Suggest a possible explanation for an observation.
Use past experience and knowledge. |
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PREDICT
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-State what you think will happenin the future.
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HYPOYHESIZE
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-Suggests an answer to a problem.
-Based on information that you know. -States WHY somethingmat occur, gives a REASON. |
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THREE BASIC RULE FOR
ALL SCIENCE LABS |
1. No gum, food or drink.
2.Read ALL directions before you begin. 3. Clean up when finished. |
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SCIENCE SKILLS (10)
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Observe, Estimate, Measure, Classify, Record, Organize, Analyze, Hypotesize, Prediction, Inferance
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SCIENTIFIC METHOD
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-A model for designing and planning an experiment.
-State Problem -State Hypotheses -Plan Experiment -Collect Data -Record and organize Data -Analyze and Conclude |
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SCIENTIFIC FACT
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-An obervation which has been studied, and tested repeatedly by many scientists, and is agreed upon by these scientists.
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SCIENTIFIC THEORY
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An idea that explains why or how something happens. Theories CAN CHANGE.
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SCIENTIFIC LAW
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-Sometimes stated in mathematical terms.
-Can change as new theories are tested |
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CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT
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-Two groups tested
A. control (constant)group B. variable (experimental)group |
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CONTROL GROUP
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-The group in a controlled experiment in which all factors remain constant.
-Results are measured against this group. |
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VARIABLE GROUP
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-The group in a controlled experiment in which one thing is changed in order to test your theory.
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VOLUME
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-The amount of space occupied by an object or substance.
-Find by height X width X length, or water displacement. -cm3 |
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MENISCUS
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-In a graduated cylinder,the liquid surface curves downward to form the meniscus.
-Read the lowest part of the curve. |
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SI UNIT FOR LENGTH
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Meter
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DENSITY
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-How much mass is in a given volume.
D=M/V g/cm3 |
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SI UNIT FOR MASS
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Gram
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SI UNIT FOR VOLUME
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Liter
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SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
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A method of expressing very large or very small numbers, by multiplying a number between 1 and 10, by 10 to
a power. |
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EXPRESS IN SCIENTIFIC NOTATION
.0023 5067000 67840000 |
23 x 10
5067 x 10 6784 x 10 |
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TECHNOLOGY
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Application of knowledge, tools, and materials to accomplish a task.
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PROTOTYPE
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The first thing of it's kind;origional or model;representation.
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Model
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A copy or imitation of an existing object, as a ship, building, etc. made to scale.
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FORCE
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-A push or a pull on an object that causes a change in the motion of that object.
-ie...a pitched ball when hit by a bat. |
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ENERGY
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-The ability to do work.
-A change in motion requires energy. -Energy is the source of change. Energy----> Work----> Change |
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VELOCITY
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-Speed and Direction of an object's motion.
( speed = distance/time) |
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KENETIC ENERGY
(K.E.) |
-Energy in motion.
K.E. = mass X velocity squared 2 MV 2 -measured in JOULES or Newton/meters.(Nm) 1kgX m/s = 1 joule |
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POTENTIAL ENERGY
(P.E.) |
- Stored energy that has the ability to do work.
-Energy of position. -ie..A bow pulled back, ready to transfer energy to the arrow has potential energy. |
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G.P.E.
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-Gravitational Potential Energy
-Depends on the mass of the object and the distance it falls before coming to a conplete stop. -Position of the object determines if it has potential energy. ie.. a large rock on the ledge of a cliff. |
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SPEED
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-Distance an object travels in a given amount of time.
-distance/time = speed Average speed = total distance / total time |
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MECHANICS
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-The study of the action of a force on an object.
-The motion of bodies, in a frame of referecne. |
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SIMPLE MACHINE
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-Does work in one movement.
-Inclined Plane -Wedge -Screw -Lever -Wheel and Axle -Pully |
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ACCELERATION
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-A change in velocity, or the rate at which the change occurs.
-(Final velocity - Starting velocity) over Time -Meters/sec.(squared) |
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LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
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-Energy can not be created or destroyed.
-Energy can change forms, but total ammount of energy never changes. |
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centripetal force
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-Acceleration caused by motion in a circle.
-Acceleration toward the center of a circle. |
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MECHANICS
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-The study of the action of a force on an object.
-Motion of bodies with-in a frame of reference. |
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FRAME OF REFERENCE
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-A place or object that you assume is fixed.
-Two persons with different frames of reference will see an objects motion differently. |
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GRAVITATIONAL PULL
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-The force of gravity.
-Draws objects to the earth causing them to accelerate at a rate of 9.8 meters/second |
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FRICTION
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-Occurs when surfaces of any kind move past each other.
-Force that opposes motion -sliding, rolling, fluid |
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INERTIA
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-The tendency of an object to resist change.
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THE FIRST LAW OF MOTION
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-An oject at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will remain in motion unless acted upon by an outside force.
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MOMENTUM
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- The inertia of motion
-relates to the mass and vilocity of the object. -momentum =mass X vilocity -m/s (meters / seconds ) |
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SECOND LAW OF MOTION
(LAW OF MOMENTUM) |
The net force on an object equals it's mass times it's acceleration.
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UNIVERSAL FORCES
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-Gravitational Force
-Nuclear Force -Electromagnetic Force |
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GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
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- Weakest Universal Force
-Depends on the mass of the object, and the distance between objects. -Keeps the planets in rotation around the sun. -Gravitational force of the moon on the earth, causes the tides on earth. |
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NUCLEAR FORCE
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-Force that holds particles together in the nucleus of an atom.
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STRONG NUCLEAR FORCE
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-Protons and neutrons are made of even smaller particals, quarks. Quarks are held together by strong nuclear force.
-Strong nuclear force exists over very short distances. (Nuclear Explosion) |
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WEAK NUCLEAR FORCE
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-Froce that holds the particles within the neutrons and protons together.
-Easily broken -Neutrons decay to form new atoms ( radioactive) |
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ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCE
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-Two different force, closely related, both repel and attract.
-Electric forces exist between charged particles (+ or - ). -Magnetic force exist between magnets. |
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THE THIRD LAW OF MOTION
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-When an oject exerts a force on a second object, the second object exerts an equal and opposite force upon the first.
-Unbalanced forces there is motion. -Balanced forces there is NOT motion. |
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NEWTON
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-SI unit of force
-One newton (N) is the amount of force needed to cause a 1kg. mass to accelerate at a rate of 1 meter per second for each second of motion. - N=1kg.X1m/sec.squared |
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TERMINAL VELOCITY
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-When the downward force of gravity equals the upward force of air friction on an object.
-The object's velocity becomes constant, the falling object no longer accelerates. |
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PROJECTILE MOTION
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-The curved path a thrown object takes to the ground.
-Involves the horizontal force of velocity and the downward force of gravity. |
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MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY
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-The amount of work put out by a machine, divided by the amount of work put into the machine. ( work input is always greater than work out put).
-M.E. = (work output / work input ) X 100% SI unit for M.E. is a percent |
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MACHINE
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-Makes work easier
*change direction of effort force *multiply the effort force |
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SIMPLE MACHINE
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-Does work in one movement.
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COMPOUND MACHINE
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-Does work in more than one movement.
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MECHANICAL ADVANTAGE
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-How much a machine multiplies your effort force.
-M.A. = resistance force/ effort force Effort force = resistance force/ M.A. -There is no SI unit for M.A. |
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GPS
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Global Positioning System
31 satellites orbiting the earth. Receiver must pick up signal from 4 satellites to determine exact location. |
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Latitude
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Lines on the earth running parallel to the equator.
Measures in degrees north to south of the equator. |
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Longitude
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Lines on the earth running parallel to the Prime Meridian.
Measured in degrees east to west of the Prime Meridian. |
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Physical Property
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A property of matter that can be observed or measured with out changing the matter's shape or identity.
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Chemical Property
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A property of matter that allows it to change into a new substance with different properties than the origional object.
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Transparent
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Allows light and images to pass through.
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Translucent
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Allows light, but NOT images to pass through.
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Opaque
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Does not allow light to pass through at all.
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Diffraction
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Bending of light waves into the different colors of the spectrum.
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Light
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Energy that travels in waves. Does not need matter to travel.
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Forensic Science
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The scientific analysis of evidence, that may be used in a court of law.
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Chromatography
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The separation and analysis of mixtures of chemical compounds by the use of an absorbing material to determine the composition of the compound.
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Solute
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The substance that dissolves in in the solvent.
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Solvent
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The substance in which the solute dissolves.
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Adsorbent
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A solid which is capable of attracting and binding with the components of a mixture.
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Capillary Action
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Surface tension of a liquid, which upon coming in contact with a solid, is elevated or depressed.
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Paper Chromatography
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Paper acts as adsorbent, water as the solvent, and ink as the solute.
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