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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a princible that states the same geologic pocessshaping the earth today have been at work throughout the earths hitory
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uniformation
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a princible that states that all geologic changes occurs suddenly
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catastrophism
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published three volumes of books between 1830 and that reintroduced uniformitarianism
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Charles lyll
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determining wether an object is older or younger than other objects or events
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relative dating
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what are the two types of dating
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relative and absolute
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princible stating that younger rocks lie above older rocks in undisterbed sequences
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superposition
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an ideal sequence of rock layers that contains all the known fossils and rocks from oldest to youngest
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geologic column
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fault
intrusion folding and tilting |
disturbed rock layers
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a break in the earths crust
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fault
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molten rock from the earths interior that squezzes into an existing rock and cools
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intrusion
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occurs when rock layers bend and buckle
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folding
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occurs when internal forces in the earth slant rock layers without folding them
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tilting
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a surface thast represents a missing part of the geologic column
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unconformity
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exist where part of a sequence of parallel rok layers are missing
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diconformity
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most common type of unconformity
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disconformity
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exist where sedimetary rock lies on top of eroded surface of non-layered igneous or metamophic rock
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nonconformity
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what are the three types of unconformities
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disconformitie
nonconformitie angular unconformity |
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exists between horizontal rock layers and rock layers that are tilted or folded
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angular unconformity
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a process of establishing the age of an object
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absolute dating
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process by which radioactive(unstable) isotopes break down unto stable isotopes of other elements
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radioactive decay
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atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a diffrent number of neutrons
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isotopes
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origanal form
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parent isotopes
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more stable isotopes than the parent isotoope because a neutron is converted into a proton
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daughter isotope
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determining the absolute age of a sample based on the ratio of parent to daughter material
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radiometric dating
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the time it takes for one half of a radioactive sample to decay
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half life
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can be used to date rocks over 10 million years old
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uranium-lead method
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used for rocks older than 100,000 years old
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potassium argon method
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used on materials that lived within the last 50,000 years
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carbon 14 method
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what are the three types of dating methods from oldest to youngest
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uranium lead
potassum argon carbon 14 |
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any naturally preserved evidence of life
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fossil
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minerals that fill the pores and spaces of an organisms tissue
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permineralization
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occurs when an organisms tissues are compleatly replaced by minerals
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petrification
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whats an example of petrification
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petrified wood
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hardend tree sap
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amber
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fast drying organisms that prevent decay
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mummification
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animals and there remains that have been found in frozen glaciers
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frozen fossils
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natural, occurs in sticky , think pools of ____
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tar
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any naturally preserved evidence of an animals activity
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trace fossils
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ways things can be fossilized
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tar, amber, mummification, foxen, and trace fossils
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a cavity inthe ground or rock where an animal was buried
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mold
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an object that is created when sediment fills a mold and becomes a rock
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cast
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how fossils interpret the past
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changes in the enviorment and changes in life
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fossils of organisms that lived during a rather short but well defined life span
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index fossils
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a scale that divides earths 4.6 billion year history into distinctive intervals of time
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geologic time scale
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the largest divison of time
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eons
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second largest period of time
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eras
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third largest divison of time
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periods
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the forth largest divison of time
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epoch
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4.6 billion-3.8 billion years ago
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hadon eon
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3.8 billion- 2.5 billion years ago
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archean era
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2.5 billion-540 million years ago
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proterozoic era
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540 million years ago to the present
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phenerozoic eon
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what is the eon that we are living in
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phanerazoic
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"old life" lasted from 540 million years ago - 248 million years ago
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paleozoic era
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"middle life" lasted from 248 million years ago - 65 million years ago
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mesezoic era
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"recent life" 65 million years ago - the present
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cenezoic er
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