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73 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are the properties of matter?
color, oder, taste, texture, shape (COTTS)
What are the pysical properties of matter?
Mass, volume and density
What are the calculations for density?
D=Mass/Volume
D=10g/5cm3
D=2g/cm3

(3s are cubed)
What are the phases/ states of matter?
solid, liquid, gas and plasma
How does matter change from one state/phase to another?
By adding or taking away heat
Tell what you know about ions:
If an atom lost an electron, then it is a positive ion with a charge of +1. If an atom gains one electron than it is an negative ion with a charge of -1
What is the difference between an element, a compound, and a mixture?
-an element cannot be separated into simpler substances by ordinary chemical meants (there are 109 elements)
-A compound is any combination of two or more different kind of atoms (like water which is hydrogen & oxygen)
-a mixture is two or more substances PHYSICALLY combined (ex: soil)
What are the 5 properties of minerals?
inorganic, solid, naturally occuring, crystal shape, definite chemical composition,
What are the top 8 elements that make up earth's crust by combining to make various minerals and rocks?
oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, potassium and magnesium
Name elements:
gold, silver, copper
Name silicates:
quartz, mica, feldspar, garnet, beryl, talc
Name carbonates:
calcium, dolomite
Name Oxides:
hematite, bauxite
Name sulfides:
galena, pyrite, chalcopyrite
Name sulfates:
gypsum, barite, anhydrite
Name Halides
halite, fluorite
How can you identify a mineral?
color, luster (way mineral reflects light from its surface), hardness (ability of mineral to resist being scratched), streak (color of powder left by mineral when rubbed on hard surface), density, crystal shape, cleavage and fracture, special properties
What is the difference between a metal and nonmetal?
There are 4 special properties that metal has:
-shiny surface
-conduct electriciy and heat.
-malleability (the ability to be hammered into thin sheets without breaking)
-ductility (the ability to be pulled into thin strands without breaking)
What are the 3 classifications of rocks?
Sedimentary
Igneous
Metamorphic
How does an igneous rock form?
when magma from deep in the earth cools and hardens
How does sedimentary rock form?
formed when small pieces of rocks, shells, animals, etc. settle to the bottom of the ocean and are pressed and cemented together
How does metamorphic rock form?
Metamorphic rocks form when rocks experience great heat, pressure and chemical reactions.
What is the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks?
igneious rocks formed deep within the earth are Intrusive (In the earth)
-Igneious rocks fromed from lava at the surface are extrusive
Know the rock cycle
Pg. 170 of Prentice Hall Earth Science book (STUDY NOW!)
Look at Rock lab
You will have to be able to identify some of those rocks (STUDY NOW)
What is metamorphism?
The changing of one type of rock into another as a result of tremendous heat, pressure and chemical reactions.
What are the two types of metamorphism?
-contact metamorphism (when rocks are heated by contact with magma or lava)
-regional metamorphism (when a large are of rock deep within the earth's surface is changed by increase of temperature and pressure)
What metamorphic rock does sedimentary rock Shale become?
slate
What metamorphic rock does igneous rock granite become?
gneiss
What metamorphic rock does sedimentary rock sandstone become?
quartzite
Which metamorphic rock does sedimentary rock limestone change to?
marble
Know the igneous rock table:
(STUDY STUDY SHEET NOW) - (you know the charts are always on the test :)
What is foliated rock and give some examples:
Foliated rocks have mineral crystals arranged in parallel layers or bands. They tend to break along these bands ex: SLATE, GNEISS
What is unfoliated texture rock and give an example:
An untoliated rock does not have bands of crystals and do not break in layers. ex: QUARTZITE, MARBLE
How are sedimentary rocks classified? Igneous?
-sedimentary - composition, texture, grain size
-igneous - texture and chemical composition
Facts on sedimentary rocks
75% of all rocks are sedimentary, the three types are clastic rock, organic rock, and chemical rock.
What is clastic rock (type of sedimentary rock)?
Rocks made by broken pieces of rock joined together.
What are organic rocks (type of sedimentary rock)?
Organic rocks are rocks formed by material that was once living.
What is chemical rock (type of sedimentary rock)?
Chemical rock is rock formed when water evaporates and leaves behind mineral deposits (this rock is called evaporites). Rock salt is an example.
total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
atomic mass
number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of a substance
atomic number
huge (100km2) irregulary-shaped intrusion that extends deep into the earth's crust
batholith
process by which sediments are joined together or cemented by minerals dissolved in water to form sedimentary rock
cementation
change in a substance that produced a new substance with new and different properties
chemical change
breaking of a mineral along smooth definite surfaces
cleavage
process by which layers of sediments are pressed together to form sedimentary rocks
compaction
any combinaqtion of two or more different kinds of atoms
compound
amount of matter in a given amount of substance or the mass per unit volume of a substance
density
narrow flat formation of igneous rock formed in vertical cracks in existing rocks
dike
negatively charged subatomic particle
electrons
substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means
element
texture of some metamorphic rocks in which mineral crystals are arranged in parallel bands along which the rocks tent to break
foliated
breaking of a mineral along rough jagged surface
fracture
mineral that is rare, beautiful and durable
gems
rock formed by the cooling and hardening of hot liquid rock
igneous rock
composed of material that is not and was never living
inorganic
electrically charged atom that has either lost or gained electrons
ions
dome like intrusion that pushes overlying rocks into an arch and has a flat floor rock
laccolith
magma that reaches the earths surface
lava
anything that has mass and volume (takes up space
matter
naturally occurring inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition and crystal shape
minerals
two or more substances physically combined
mixture
smallest part of any substance that still has all of the properties of that substance
molecule
subatomic particle with no electric charge
neutrons
rock deposit that contains minerals that can be mined at a profit
ores
petrologist
scientist who studies rocks and their mineral compositions
change in a substance that does not produce a new kind of substance
physical change
positively charged subatomic particle
protons
naturally occurring solid materials made of one or more minerals
rocks
sheet like mass of igneious rock
sill
layers in sedimentary rock
strata
rock formed from sediments that have been pressed and cemented together
sedimentary rock
Study your notes
NOW