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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the periodic table?
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A table of the chemical elements arranged in order of atomic number, usually in rows, so that elements with similar atomic structure (and hence similar chemical properties) appear in vertical columns.
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What are the rows called?
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Periods
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What are the columns called?
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Groups
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What is a subatomic particle? |
A particle that is smaller than an atom |
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Name the main three atomic particles and their charges |
Neutron's Neutral. Protons Positive(+1). Electron Negative(-1) |
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What is an Ion? |
When an atom is attracted to another atom because it has an unequal number of electrons and protons, the atom is called an ION. If the atom has more electrons than protons, it is a negative ion, or ANION. If it has more protons than electrons,it is a positive ion. |
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What is an ionic compound? |
An ionic compound is a chemical compound in which ions are held together in a crystal lattice structure by electrostatic forces called ionic bonds. |
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Do ionic compound's have high melting points? Why? |
Yes, Because the ionic bonds are really strong. You need more energy to break them so they have a high melting point. |
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Name another propertie of a ionic compound |
They are conductive when they are a liquid. Because ions are charged particles, but they will only conduct electricity if they are free to move around. |
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What is a isotope? |
Isotopes are atoms of an element with the normal number of protons and electrons, but different numbers of neutrons. |
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What are the group one element's called? |
Alkali Metal's |
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Are Alkali Metal's reactive? |
Yes, very. This is why they must be kept in special containers containing oil as they react with water and air. |
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What do alkali metal's form if put into water? |
Alkaline solutions |
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What happens when Lithium reacts with water? |
Lithium floats. It fizzes steadily and becomes smaller, until it eventually disappears. |
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What happen's when Sodium reacts with water? |
Sodium melts to form a ball that moves around on the surface. It fizzes rapidly, and the hydrogen produced may burn with an orange flame before the sodium disappears. |
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What happens when Potassium reacts with water? |
the Potassium melts and floats. It moves around very quickly on the surface of the water. The hydrogen ignites instantly. The metal is also set on fire, with sparks and a lilac flame. There is sometimes a small explosion at the end of the reaction. |
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What colour does universal indicator turn in alkaline solutions? |
Purple. They are highly corrosive so google must be worn. |
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Do all group 1 elements have one electron in their outer shell? |
Yes. |
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What happens to the electronic structure of a group 1 atom in a reaction? |
It will form an atom with a single positive charge. As it will lose a electron. A change like this is called oxidation. |
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Name some properties of group 1 |
The atoms get larger as you go down the group. The outer electron gets further from the nucleus as you go down the group. The attraction between the nucleus and outer electron gets weaker as you go down the group - so the electron is more easily lost. |
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How do you know i there are impurities in the water? |
The melting point goes down The boiling point goes up The greater the amount of dissolved substances present, the more the melting point or boiling point changes from the temperature expected for pure water. |
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When will pure substances melt and boil? |
Pure water will melt at 0°C and boil at 100°C. The water vapour will also condense at 100°C. |
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What are the male sex chromosomes? |
An X and Y chromosome. Female's have to x's. |
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How many pairs of chromosome's in the human body? |
23. 46 individual chromosomes |
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How is gender determined in human's? |
If a y chromosome is found it will start to make testosterone, the male hormones. |
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What is the cornea? |
A transparent,thick,fibrous sheet of tissue in front of the eye ball. It add's up to about one sixth of the eyeball. |
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What comes directly after the cornea, and helps the eye ball to keep it's shape? |
The Anterior Chamber filled with aqueous humor |
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What determines the eye colour? |
The layer's of pigmentation in the iris determine the eye colour |
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What is the Iris? |
It is a layer of muscles which contract and release to change the size of the pupil. The pupil is the hole which allow's light to pass through into the lens. |
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What does the lens do? |
Focuses light rays so we can see them. |
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What are the suspensory ligaments? |
Suspensory ligaments allow the lens to change shape. They are attached to a ciliory muscle. |
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What is the name of the chamber behind the ciliory muscle? |
Posterior Chamber. The chamber behind that in the main space is called the vitreous chamber. The Vitreous chamber is filled with Vitreous Humor. |
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What is at the back of the eye? And what is it made of? |
The Retina and Photo-receptor's. There is a special spot in the retina known as the Macula. |
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What is the little dip in the middle of the Macula called? |
Fovea. |
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What is the layer called behind the Retina? |
Choroid. This layer absorbs the light. It's just a layer of blood vessel's that helps the nourish the retina. |
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What does the sclera do? |
It is the muscle that allows you to move your eye's but keep your head still. |
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What is type 1 diabetes? |
It is where your immune system attacks your cells that make insulin. As no insulin is produced, your glucose levels increase, which can seriously damage the body's organs. |
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What is type 2 diabetes? |
is where the body doesn't produce enough insulin, or the body's cells don't react to insulin. This is known as insulin resistance. |
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When is type 1 and 2 common? |
type 1 = 1-20 in development but can devolve till the age of 40 type 2 = 20-70 around but can occur pretty much anywhere. |
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What do you need in a balanced diet? |
A balanced diet should include appropriate proportions of carbohydrate, protein, lipid, vitamins, minerals, water and dietary fiber. |
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What is a side affect from eating unhealthy? |
obesity and coronary heart disease |
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When does cancer happen? |
A cancer happens when cells begin to divide out of control. They form tumours that can sometimes be felt as an unusual lump in the body. |
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What can increase your risk of cancer? |
Diet and lifestyle can increase the risk of developing certain cancers. For example: Smoking increases the risk of lung cancer |
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What do malignant tumours do? |
malignant tumours often grow more quickly and may spread throughout the body. Whereas benign tumours grow slowly and are usually harmless – warts are benign tumours |
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The more exersize you do the less likely you are to develop type 2 diabetes. True or false? |
True |
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What are the 5 different food groups? |
Proteins, Dairy, fruit and veg, carbohydrates and fatty substances. |
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What is the law of reflection? |
The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection |
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What is the 'normal'? |
The normal is an imaginary line at right angles to the plane mirror. |
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What is refraction? |
Sound waves and light waves change speed when they pass across the boundary between two substances with different densities, such as air and glass. This causes them to change direction and this effect is called refraction |
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When doesn't refraction happen? |
Refraction doesn't happen if the waves cross the boundary at an angle of 90° (called the normal) - in this case, they carry straight on. |
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What is the critical angle? |
At a specific angle, the light ray will no longer leave the block. Any further increase in the angle of incidence will mean the ray is reflected, not refracted. |
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What is the refraction index? |
The refractive index is the extent to which light is refracted when it enters a medium. It is calculated as: n=sin i/sin r n=the refracted index of the medium i=is the angle of incidence r=is the angle of refraction |
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What does L.A.S.E.R stand for? |
Light Amplification by Simulated Emission of Radiation. |
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Name two proprieties of laser's. |
They are coherent and mono-chromatic. |
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What is multi-plexing? |
Multiplexing is sending multiple signals or streams of information on a carrier at the same time in the form of a single, complex signal and then recovering the separate signals at the receiving end. |
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What is multi-plexing done by? |
a multi-plexer! |
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What happen's when the signal gets to the end? |
It is demultiplexed by a demulti-plexer. |
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What is the difference between FDM and TDM? |
FDM=in which the carrier bandwidth is divided into subchannels of different frequency widths, each carrying a signal at the same time in parallel. TDM=in which the multiple signals are carried over the same channel in alternating time slots. |
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Who was Morse code invented by? |
Samuel Morse in 1832 |
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Is Morse code analogue or Digital? |
Digital |
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How much of the atmosphere is ozone?(O3) |
21% |
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What does the OZONE layer even do? |
The ozone there absorbs ultraviolet radiation, preventing most of it from reaching the ground. |
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What are CFC's and why are they so bad? |
CFCs were once used widely in insulating foam and aerosol spray-cans. Once released, they gradually spread through the atmosphere, eventually reaching the ozone layer. Once there, they destroy ozone. |
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What do sunscreen's do? |
Sunscreens can reduce the damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. They contain chemicals that absorb a lot of the radiation and prevent it from reaching our skin. |
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What difference does a high sunscreen make? |
The higher the factor, the longer you can stay out in the sun without burning high factor sunscreens reduce the risks from ultraviolet radiation more than low factor sunscreens. |
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Some advantages of sunscreen? |
If, for example, you would get sunburnt after ten minutes in the sun, with Factor 5 applied you could stay in the sun for 50 minutes - or for 500 minutes with Factor 50 applied. But the real time is usually lower, because some of the sunblock gets absorbed by the skin, and some gets rubbed off. |
