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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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AA
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jagged surface
-pours out quickly -forms brittle crust -lava underneath keeps on moving, even though surface is solid -slighlty stiffer than pahoehoe |
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Pyroclastic Material
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-produced when magma explodes from volcanoe and solidifies in air
-produced when existing rock shatters -usually produced from explosive eruptions |
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Non Explosive
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-oozes out lava
-some of hte largest mountains are volcanous |
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Pahoehoe
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-flows slow
-has a glass like surface when cools -w/ wrinkles like wax |
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Blacky Lava
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cool, stiff lava that cont travel far from where the eruption occured
-forms jumbled heaps of sharp edged chunks |
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Lava
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magma on the surface
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Silica
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-has thick stiff consistency
-flows slow, hardens vents sometimes -when enough pressure builds up insid the clogged vent, volcanoe exlodes |
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Water
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if magma has high water content it will erupt more explosevly
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vents
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holes in Eath's Crust where magma rises
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Explosive Eruptions
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-clouds of hot debris and gases shoot out from volcanoe
-magma gets stuck in vents +2 much pressur -volcanoe can explode pieces of rock that demolish alot |
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pillow lava
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cools right when it hits water and forms into a pillow like shape
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Volcano
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10,000 times stronger then 1st atomic bomb
mountain that forms when molten rock(magma) is forced to the surface of teh Erath |
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what is the main reason for an eruption
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magma
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what does the magma do to cause the ruption
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it creeps up through vents
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Silica Composistion
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-silica rich magma has a thick stiff consistency
-flows slowly, plugs vent, pressue builds up -if there is enough pressure, explosive eruption will occur - thick magma also prevents water vaper and the gases from easily escaping -less silica would make the magma runnier and thinner, less pressure builds b/c gases can ealily escape |
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Water composition
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same concept as bottle of soda
-shake can, CO2 that was disolved in soda is realeased -gases need more room than solids so pressure builds up -can opens, soda comes shooting out |
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volcanick blocks
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-largest pieces of pyroclastic material
-solid rock blasted from volcanoe |
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volcanic bombs
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-large blobs that harden in ai
-shaped as magma spins through air and cools |
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lapilli
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means little stones in italian
-pebble like bits of magma that became solid b4 they hit the ground |
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volcanic ash
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gases in stiff magma expand rapidly and calls of gas bubbles explode into tiny glass like slivers
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volcanoes effects on earth
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-buildings can collapse uner weight of ash
-ash can be an effective fertilizer, but too much can sufficate plants -can cause death if inhaled |
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what ash does
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-ash affects global climate patterns
-ash can black sun for days -can cause drop in temp. which disrupts crops -temp. drops because ash is making sun reflect less -makes semmers wetter and winters hotter |
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Shield volcanoes
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-built of layers of lava from repeated non-explosive eruptions
-lava is runny so it spreads out over large areas -this may also reult in new land being added -these volcanoes have: -gently sloping sides -can be enourmous, not always steep though |
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Cinder Cone Volcano
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-small volcanic cones made of P.M made from moderatly explosive eruptions
-steeper slopes w/ norrower base then shield volcanoes -usually erupt for only a short time and often occur in clusters -commonly of sides of shield and composite volcanoues |
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Composite or StratoVolcanoes
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-most common
-made from explosive eruptions(P.M) -After that, lava comes out quitly alternating layers of lava and P.M -broad bases and sides tat become steeper towards summit |
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fissures
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long cracks
-most lava on eath erupts from these -runny lava purs out from fissures -spreads evenly over hundreds of km |
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crater
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-found at the top of the central vent in most volcanoes
-funnel shape results from explosions of material out of vent -as well as collapse from crater's rim back to vent -basically a round hole around the vent resulting from an eruption |
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caldera
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-magma chamber that supplies material to a volcano emties and roof collapses
-ground sinks, large circular depression left |
