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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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fossil
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a trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock
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sedimentary rock
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a type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together
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mold
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a fossil formed when an organism buried in sediment dissolves, leaving a hollow area
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cast
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a fossil that is a copy of an organism's shape formed when minerals seep into a mold
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petrified fossil
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a fossil in which minerals replace all or part of an organism
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carbon film
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a type of fossil consisting of an extremely thin coating of carbon on rock
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trace fossil
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a type of fossil that provides evidence of the activities of ancient organisms
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paleontologist
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a scientist who studies fossils to learn about organisms that lived long ago
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scientific theory
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a well-tested concept that explains a wide range of observations
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evolution
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the process by which all the differnt kinds of living things have changed over time
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extinct
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describes a type of organism that no longer exists anywhere on Earth
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relative age
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the age of a rock compared to the ages of rock layers
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absolute age
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the age of a rock given as the number of years since the rock formed
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law of superposition
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the geologic priciple that states that in horizontal layers of sedimentary rock, each layer is older than the layer above it and younger than the layer below it
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extrusion
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an igneous rock layer formed when lava flows onto Earth's surface and hardens
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intrusion
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an igneous rock layer when magma hardens beneath Earth's surface
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fault
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a break or crack in Earth's lithosphere along which the rocks move
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unconformity
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a place where an old, eroded rock surface is in contact with a newer rock layer
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index fossil
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fossils of widely distributed organisms that lived during only one short period
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