Science Vocab

Front 1

glycolysis

Back 1

breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm, producing ATP and pyruvic acid. First stage of cellular respiration

Front 2

genetics

Back 2

science of heredity.

Front 3

gene

Back 3

functional unit that controls inherited trait expression that is passed on from one generation to another generation.

Front 4

recessive

Back 4

Mendel’s name for a specific trait hidden or masked in the F1 generation.

Front 5

allele

Back 5

alternative form that a single gene may have for a particular trait.

Front 6

gamete

Back 6

a haploid sex cell, formed during meiosis that can combine with another haploid sex cell and produce a diploid fertilized egg.

Front 7

homozygous

Back 7

organism with two of the same alleles for a specific trait.

Front 8

haploid

Back 8

cell with half the number of chromosomes as a diploid cell.

Front 9

diploid

Back 9

having two copies of each chromosome.

Front 10

homologous chromosomes

Back 10

one of two paired chromosomes, one from each parent, that carries genes for a specific trait at the same location.

Front 11

meiosis

Back 11

reduction division process, occurring only in reproductive cells, in which on diploid cell produces four haploid cells that are not genetically identical.

Front 12

fertilization

Back 12

process by which haploid gametes combine, forming a diploid cell with 2n chromosomes, with n chromosomes from the female parent and n chromosomes from the male parent.

Front 13

Crossing over

Back 13

exchange of chromosomal segments between a pair of homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.

Front 14

Dominant

Back 14

Mendel’s name for a specific trait that appeared in the F1 generation.