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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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active transport |
the movement of substances through a cell membrane using the cell's energy |
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aquaporin |
water channel proteins that allow water to pass through them |
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bilipid layer |
layer of two lipids that allow things to move in and out of the cell |
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carbohydrate |
a macromolecule made up of sugar molecules which are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen;usually a the body's major source of energy |
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cell |
the smallest unit of life |
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cell membrane |
a flexible covering that protects the inside of a cell from the environment outside of the cell |
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cell theory |
the theory that states that all living things are made of one or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit of life, and new cells come from preexisting cells |
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cell wall |
a stiff structure outside the cell membrane that protects a cell from attack by viruses and other harmful organisms |
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cellular respiration |
a series of chemical reactions that takes in food and turns it into ATP |
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diffusion |
the movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
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osmosis |
the diffusion of water molecules only through a membrane |
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facilitated diffusion |
when molecules pass through a cell membrane using special proteins called transport proteins |
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endocytosis |
the process during which a cell takes in a substance by surrounding it with the cell membrane |
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exocytosis |
the process during which a cell's vesicles release their contents outside the cell |
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rough endoplasmic reticulum |
ribosomes on its surface;newly made proteins leave ribosomes and are inserted into the rough ER where they may be chemically altered
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smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
collections of enzymes that preform specialized tasks, including the sythesis of membrane lipids and the detoxifcation of drugs |
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golgi apparatus |
modifies, sorts and packages proteins and other materials from ER for storage in the cell or release outside the cell |
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cytoplasm |
the fluid portion of the cell outside of the nucleus |
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organelle |
"little organs" |
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ribosome |
small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm in all cells |
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vacuole |
membrane-enclosed structures that store materials such as water, salts, proteins and carbohydrates |
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nucleus |
control center of the cell that contains nearly all the cell's DNA and, with it, the coded instructions for making proteins and other important molecules
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cytoskeleton |
helps the cell maintain its shape and is also involved in the movement |
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lysosome |
break down lipids, carbohydrates and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell;break down organelles that have outlived their usefulness |
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chloroplast |
membrane-bound organelles that use light energy and make food-a sugar called glucose-from water and carbon dioxide in a process known as photosynthesis |
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passive transport |
the movement of substances through a cell membrane without using the cell's energy |
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mitochondrion |
the power plants of the cell that convert the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
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prokaryote |
a cell without a nucleus |
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eukaryote |
a cell with a nucleus |
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selectively permeable |
allows some things in and out of the cell but not others |
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photosynthesis |
a series of chemical reactions that convert light energy, water, and carbon dioxide into the food energy molecule glucose and give off |
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proteins |
long chains of amino acid molecules |
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lipid |
a large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water |
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macromolecules |
substances that form by joining many small molecules together;can't function without water |
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nucleic acids |
macromolecules that form when long chains of molecules called nucleotides join together |
