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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Rock
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mixture of one or more minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials;can be igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary
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rock cycle
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model that describes how rocks slowly change from one form to another through time
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igneous rock
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rock formed when magma or lava cools and hardens
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lava
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molten rock that flows from volcanoes onto Earth's surface
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intrusive
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describes a type of igneous rock that generally contains large crystals and forms when magma cools slowly beneath Earth's surface
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extrusive
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describes fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth's surface
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basaltic
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describes dense, dark-colored igneous rock formed from magma rich in magnesium and iron and poor in silica
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granitic
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describes generally light colored, silica rich igneous rock that is less dense than basaltic rock
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metamorphic rock
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forms when heat, pressure, or fluids act on igneous, sedimentary or other metamorphic rock to change its form or composition, or both
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foliated
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describes metamorphic rock, such as slate and gneiss, whose mineral grains line up in parallel layers
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nonfoliated
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describes metamorphic rock, such as quartz or marble, whose mineral grains grow to rearrange but generally do not form layers
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sediments
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loose materials, such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and the remains of once-living plants and animals, that have been moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity
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sedimentary rock
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forms when sediments are compacted and cemented together or when minerals form from solutions
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compaction
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process that forms sedimentary rocks when layers of sediments are compressed by the weight of the layers above them
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cementation
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sedimentary rock-forming process in which sediment grains are held together by natural cements that are produced when water moves through rock and soil
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