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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Organs |
Tissues organized into larger functions |
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Organ systems |
Group of organs with related functions |
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Bacteria |
Most primitive and also the most plentiful organism on earth. Successful, survived with little change |
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Protists |
Unicellular organisms that are neither plants nor animals. Everywhere in water |
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Diatoms |
Found in fresh and salt water. They contain chlorophyll |
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Amoebae |
A animal protists. Changes shape as it moves. Stretches out a branch of cytoplasm called pseudopod. PD is used for feeding. |
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Paramecia |
Gets cilia to best in unison to create water currents that help move the paramecia |
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Fungi |
Include multi and unicellular. Harmful fungi |
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Mucus |
A slippery substance that coats many cell and then swept away from the lungs by cell with cilia |
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Hemoglobin |
A special protein that red blood cells carry oxygen to |
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Villi |
Increase the surface area for absorption |
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Disease |
A condition harmful or to interfere with the well being |
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Infection |
The invasion of a disease caused by agents that invade the body and interfere with the normal activities of cells |
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Viruses |
Small strand of genetic information covered by a protein coat |
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Antibodies |
Made from special WBC. Attack toxins and prevent them from attaching to a cell |
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Markers |
They have a specific shape. And the antibodies are designed to fit that shape and lock onto them |
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Diaphragm |
Large thin sheet of muscle that sleds across chest cavity below the lungs |
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Trachea |
Hard ridged tube that leads to the lungs -feels like a vacuum cleaner hose |
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Epiglottis |
Covers the opening of the trachea when you swallow -prevents food or water from accidentally entering the lungs |
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What do lungs have |
Tiny air sacs, where gases are exchanged between the air and the blood |
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Where does oxygen diffuse from |
Out of the air sacs into the tiny blood vessels which surround each air sac |
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Open CS |
Blood carrying oxygen and nutrients is pumped into the blood cavities. When the heart relaxes blood is drawn back toward the heart through open ended pores |
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Closed CS |
Blood is contained within blood vessels |
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Arteries |
Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
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Veins |
Blood vessels that return blood to the heart |
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Capillaries |
Smallest blood vessels -red blood cells must travel through them in single file |
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Atria |
Receiving chambers for the blood entering the heart |
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Ventricles |
Pump blood to distant tissues |
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What do body cells do |
Remove oxygen and nutrients from the blood and more coz and waste |
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First line of defence E-S |
Eye produces tears which have a special chemicals that kill bacteria - mucus acts like a flypaper - cilia sweep bacteria upwards - stomach acid that destroys bacteria - sweat on skin kills bacteria |
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Pus |
Remaining fragments of dead WBC and digested invaders |
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Antigen |
A chemical all foreign organisms contain or produce |
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Immune response |
Use of antibodies to fight a pathogen |
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Enzyme |
Chemicals that help speed up the process of digestion |
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Bile |
Produced by the liver -stored in the gall bladder -breakdown big fats gobbles into smaller fat gobbles |
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Sodium bicarbonate |
A base that neutralizes stomach acid from pancreas |
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3 types of enzymes |
Amylase, lipase, protease/peptidase |
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Amylase |
Break down carbohydrates |
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Lipase |
Break down fats |
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Protease/ peptidase |
Breakdown proteins |
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Peristalsis |
Rhythmic contractions to move food |
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Esophagus |
Tube that carries the bolus from mouth to stomach |
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Cardiac sphineter |
Controls the flow of food from esophagus into stomach |
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Phagocytes |
WBC that ingest harmful foreign substances |
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Osmosis |
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
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Cilia |
Tiny hairs that work together to move a cell |
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Flagellum |
Whip like tail that help the cell move |
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Eukaryotic |
Cells with a nuclear membrane |
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Prokaryotic |
Nucleus not surrounded by a membrane |
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Mitochondria |
Organelles. Referred to as power plants of cells |
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Cellular respiration |
Mitochondria release energy. Sugar molecules and oxygen molecules to form coz and water |
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Endoplasmic reticulum |
Series of folded membranes |
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Rough ER |
Many ribosomes attached to it |
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Smooth ER |
No ribosomes attached to it and the structure where fats are made. |
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Lysosomes |
Contain special protein to break down large molecules. Destroying harmful substances and invading bacteria |
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Process of digestion #1 |
Food goes into your mouth then the teeth cuts and chews it |
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Digestion #3 |
Your tongue pushes food towards teeth and turn the food into a ball called BOLUS |
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Digestion #2 |
Salivary glands secretes very acidic gastric juices, which start to break down protein in the food |
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Digestion #4 |
The food goes down the esophagus and makes rhythmic contractions to move food, the process is called PERISTALSIS |
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Digestion #5 |
Cardiac sphineter controls the flow of food from the esophagus to the stomach |
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DS #6 |
The stomach uses hydrochloric acid that breaks down protein in conjunction with pepsin (enzyme) to smaller proteins |
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DS #7 |
Partially digested food that leaves the stomach is called chyme |
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Ds#8 |
The food then goes down to the small intestines and is folded over to form big folds (villi) and small folds (micro villi) |
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DS #9 |
The pancreas produces sodium bicarbonate. This fluid contains enzymes; amylase, lipase, protease/ peptidase |
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Digestion #10 |
The liver produces a chemical called bile that breaks down fats. Food entering the small intestine is a signal to the gall bladder to contract and release bile |
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Digestion #11 |
It then goes into the large intestine, where water is reabsorbed and fibre and other waste materials were not digested |
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Physical barriers |
Skin- acidic oils and sweat Eyes-tears and eyelashes Ear- wax and hairs Mouth-mucus/saliva Nose-hairs and mucus Trachea- cilia and mucus Stomach- acid |
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Modes of transmission |
Indirect- being near a person -no direct contact with the pathogen |
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2nd mode if transmission |
Directly- shaking hands -hugging -animal bites -sharing drinks |
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Second line of defence Innate immune response |
Quick and general Flow of fluid to the site What blood cells Phagocytes come to fight infection |
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2nd line of defence Acquired immune response |
Gives body active immunity |
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2 responses of AIR |
B cell lymphocytes produce antibodies based on the pathogen's antigen. Marks the pathogen for destruction |
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T cells AIR |
Killer t-cells destroy antigen Helper t-cells recognize antigen and activate B cells |
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Major organs in the CS |
Heart arteries Capillaries Veins |
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Major organs in the DS |
Esophagus Stomach intestines Liver |
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Major organs in the RS |
Lungs Trachea blood vessels |
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Major organs in the ES |
Kidneys Bladders Ureters Urethra |
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MO in the Nervous system |
Brain Spinal cord Eyes Ears Nerves |
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MO Endocrine system |
Pancreas Adrenal glands Pituitary gland |
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Major function of CS |
Transportation of nutrient's, dissolved gases, and waste |
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MF OF NS |
Response to environment and control of body activities |
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MF OF endocrine system |
Coordination and regulation of body activities |
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Solute |
A substance that is dissolved in another substance |
