Science: Treatment Of Wastewater

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Absorption field

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That part of a septic system usually made up of perforated pipes: these allow wastewater to drain into the soil for its final treatment

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aeration

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the process of adding air to water: increases biological activity

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Cake

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dried sludge material from wastewater: it can be used as fertilizer

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Digest

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To break sown material (such as sludge) into smaller parts: this may be done by bacteria in waste water and soils

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Disinfect

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To kill microorganisms, to clean: one method is to use chlorine

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Grit

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Materials such as sand and gravel which are removed from wastewater in the first step called primary treatment

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hydrologic cycle

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The process by which water is recycled by precipitation, evaporation, transpiration and condensation.

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impurities

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Substances which, when present, make another substance not pure or clean.

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landfill

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A disposal site beneath the land surface for solid waste products generated by people; the wastes are packed and covered with earth.

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microorganisms

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An organism that can only be seen by a microscope, such as a bacteria; bacteria aide in wastewater treatment.

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nutrients

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Chemical elements necessary for good plant growth and health

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oxygen

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A chemical element that is present in air.

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perforated

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Something which has been pierced by holes, such as the pipes in an absorption field of a septic system

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primary treatment

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the first stage of treatment in a wastewater treatment plant in which large pieces of material are removed.

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scum

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the layer of fats, oils, and other materials that float on the liquid in a septic tank

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secondary treatment

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the second stage of treatment in a wastewater treatment plant which removes wastes primarily by bacterial action

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sedimentation tank

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the tank in a wastewater treatment plant where solid material settles out from wastewater to the bottom of the tank : there are typically two of these tanks in the treatment process:a primary and secondary sedimentation tank.

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septic system

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a wastewater disposal system, used by homes not connected to public system: it usually consists of a septic tank and absorption field

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Septic Tank

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the part of a septic system to which wastewater flows from the house: it has a watertight buried underground

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sewage

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another name for wastewater

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Sludge

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solid waste material which settles at out during wastewater treatment: after it's treated, it may be used as fertilizer.

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Tertiary Treatment

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the third stage in a wastewater treatment plant which is sometimes used to remove even more impurities from wastewater

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wastewater

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water which has been used by people in homes, businesses, farms or factories: it carries solid and dissolved impurities

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Wastewater treatment plant

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a plant that treats wastewater by cleaning it so it can be safely released back into the environment

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Influent

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untreated wastewater going into the sewage plant

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effluent

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treated wastewater leaving the sewage plant

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B.O.D- Biological Oxygen Demand

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a measurement of water quality

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Fecal Coliform

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non-disease forming bacteria found in intestines of warm-blooded animals, used as an indicator species for other pathogens

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hypoxia

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low oxygen conditions in the water sometimes caused by increase of bacteria and other decomposers

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indicator species

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a species of organism that gives indication of the presence or abundance of another species of organisms

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Pathogens

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disease causing bacteria