Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the layers of the earth? |
INNER CORE OUTER CORE MANTLE 'N CRUST |
|
|
What is the inner core made of and what's it's temp? |
Solid iron and nickel ~4000 C |
|
|
What is the outer core made of and what's it's temp? |
Liquid iron and nickel ~3000 C |
|
|
What is the mantle made of and what's it's temp? |
Partially liquid and solid rock 500-2000 C |
|
|
What is the crust made of and what's it's temp? |
Rocks and minerals 20-500 C |
|
|
What are the major tectonic plates called? |
North America place Eurasian place African plate Pacific plate Indian-Australian plate Antarctic plate South America plate (NEAPIAS) (nee-yuh-pie-as) |
|
|
What are tectonic plates thought to do? |
- Floating on the upper portion of the mantle - Movement due to convection currents caused by tremendous heat in the Earth |
|
|
and happens on the boundaries of these plates? |
Earthquakes occur you idiot |
|
|
What's the plate tectonic theory? |
The crust of the Earth is divided into several rigid plates that move in relation to each other. |
|
|
What are the three types of plate boundaries? |
Convergent, divergent, transform |
|
|
What do the three boundaries do? |
Convergent (Volcanic activity) - Spread Divergent (Volcanic activity) - Subduct Transform - Lateral sliding |
|
|
What is continental drift? |
A phrase used to describe the hypothesis that today's distribution of continents differs from that in the past. |
|
|
What's the name of the original super continent? |
PANGEA BOOOOIIIZ |
|
|
What's the name of the two split super continents? |
LAURASIA AND GONDWANALAND |
|
|
What in the world is a hotpoc- ahem -a hotspot? |
An area of super heated mantle that has melted the thin oceanic crust on top. |
|
|
What is the actual origin of a earthquake called? |
The focus |
|
|
What is the epicentre of a earthquake? |
The area directly above the focus of an earthquake |
|
|
What is evidence of plate theory |
1. Hotspots causing series of volcanos 2. 3. |
|
|
What is an earthquake? |
An earthquake is the name given to a sudden movement within the Earth's crust. |
|
|
Which waves are more destructive? |
Surface waves |
|
|
What are primary waves? |
A body wave produced by an earthquake - Like a longitudinal waves (compressions and rarefactions) - Fastest wave |
|
|
What are secondary waves? |
A body wave produced by an earthquake - Like a transverse wave - Slower than P-wave |
|
|
What is a tsunami? |
A series of large waves of extremely long wavelength caused by underwater earthquakes |
|
|
On the richter scale, how much bigger is a 6 to an 8? |
100 times larger (one point is 10 times bigger) |
|
|
How fast are P and S waves? |
P-wave = 6km/sec S-wave = 4km/sec |
|
|
How do you calculate how long a wave takes to travel a certain distance? |
speed = distance/time taken distance = speed*time taken time taken = distance/speed |
|
|
How is a volcano formed? |
A volcano is formed when magma spews out onto the surface of Earth as lava, cooling into igneous rock. Over time this continues and the volcano gets larger. |
|
|
Three types of volcanos? |
Explosive - sudden release of gas Quiet - gently sloped cone Composite - combo of both ^ |
|
|
What happens above a hotspot? |
As the tectonic plates move over the hotspot, active volcanos form in a series, turning inactive after they move away from the hotspot. |
|
|
Evidence for continental drift |
1. Hotspots forming series' of volcanos 2. Glacial grooves (scratches in rock caused by glaciers) 3. Glacial till (rock deposits of various sizes transported by glaciers) 4. Fossil evidence (similar fossils found on continents that were once joined) |
|
|
Evidence for plate boundaries |
1. Location of volcanos and earthquakes 2. Location of ocean trenches (converging plates) 3. Location of mid ocean ridges (diverging plates) 4. Locations of mountains (converging plates) |
|
|
What is an isostasy? |
The state of balance between the different parts of less dense crust floating on the heavier mantle. |
|
|
When rock in the crust cracks and there's movement what is it called? What about when there's no movement? |
A fault A joint |
|
|
What happens when rocks don't crack, but yield to the strain? |
They fold |
|
|
What can large enough folds create and where can they form? |
Fold mountains which can form through subduction on the less dense plate (on top). |
|
|
What's the difference between an anticline and syncline fold |
anticline goes up, syn goes down |
|
|
Explain how each rock type is made (The Rock Cycle) |
Sedimentary Igneous rocks that have eroded and weathered Metamorphic Sedimentary rocks put under heat and pressure Igneous Melted metamorphic rocks |
|
|
Which rocks types have crystals? |
Igneous and metamorphic |
|
|
Explain the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks |
Intrusive have cooled quickly on the surface, forming small crystals - eg. basalt Extrusive have cooled slowly beneath the crust, forming large crystals - eg. granite |
|
|
Metamorphic rocks change, what does sandstone and limestone change into? |
Quartz and marble |
