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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fossil
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form when living things die and are buried by sediments
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Sediments
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slowly harden into rock and preserve the shape of the organism
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Sedimentary rock
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type of rock that is made of hardened sediment
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Sediment
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in the material removed by erosion
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Mold fossil
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hollow area in sediment in the shape of an organism or part of an organism.
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Cast fossil
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a solid copy of the shape of an organism - opposite of it's mold.
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Petrified fossils
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are fossils in which minerals replace all or part of an organism
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Carbon film
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an extremely thin coating of carbon on rock
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Trace fossils
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provide evidence of the activities of ancient organisms. EX. fossilized footprintis an example
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Tar fossils
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happened when animals became stuck and died; this soaked into their bones, preserving the bones from decay
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Amber
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hardened resin, or sap of evergreen trees.
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Freezing
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frozen remains, even preserves the hair and skin
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Fossil records
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provide evidence to support the theory of evolution
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Scientific theory
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is a well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations
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Evolution
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is the gradual change in living things over a long period of time
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relative age
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age of rocks as compared to other rocks
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absolute age
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the number of years since the rock was forced
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law of superposition
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according to this law, in horizontal sedimentary rock layers the oldest layer is at the bottom. Each higher layer is younger
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extrusion
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when lava hardens on the surface
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intrusion
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beneath the surface, magma may push into bodies of rock. the magma cools and hardens into a mass of igneous rock
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Unconformity
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surace where new rock layers meet a much older rock surface. a gap in the geological record, where some layers have been lost due to erosion
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index fossils
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fossils of widly distributed organisms that lived during a short period of time - useful because they tell the relative ages of the rock layers in which they occur
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mountain
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high, uplifted area with steep slopes
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plateau
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a nearly level area that has been uplifted
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dune
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a mound, hill, or ridge of windblown sand
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canyons
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a v-shaped valley eroded by a river
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