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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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water that is not salty and has little or no taste, color, or smell
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fresh water
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Where do you usually find fresh water?
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Rivers and lakes
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water that contains dissolved salts and other minerals
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salt water
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Where do you usually find salt water?
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oceans
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What two factors make water a unique substance?
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1. dissolves many different materials
2. can change into all three states of matter |
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What percentage of water is fresh water on Earth?
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3%
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What percentage of water is salt water on Earth?
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97%
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What is the water cycle?
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the continuous movement of water through the environment of Earth.
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Describe the process that happens through the water cycle.
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Evaporation then Concentration then Precipitation
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Evaporation
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the process in which water changes from a liquid to vapor
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Condensation
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the process in which water vapor in the atmosphere becomes liquid
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Precipitation
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water that falls from clouds
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drainage basin
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an area into which all of the water on one side of a divide flows
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What is another name for a drainage basin?
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a watershed
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divide
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ridge, or continuous line of high land from which water flows in different directions
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rise and fall of cold and warm water layers in a lake
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turnover
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an increase in minerals and nutrients in a lake or pond
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eutrophication
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iceberg
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a mass of ice floating in the ocean
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groundwater
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water held underground
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What is a permeable substance?
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A substance that liquids can easily flow through
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What is an impermeable substance?
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a substance that liquids can't flow through
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region of the ground that is completely filled with water
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Water table
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an underground layer of permeable rock or sediment that contains water
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aquifer
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a flow of water from the ground at a place where the surface of the land dips below the water table
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spring
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well in which water flows to the surface naturally because it is under pressure
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artesian well
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irrigation
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the process of supplying water to land to grow crops
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aquaculture
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the science and business of raising and harvesting fish in a controlled situation
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dam
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a structure that holds back and controls the flow of water in a river or other body of water
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lock
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a section of waterway. closed off by gates, in which the water level is raised or lowered to move ships through
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When are locks used/where are they used?
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Locks are used in canals and rivers that connect lakes of different elevations
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concentration
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the amount of a substance that is in another substance
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sewage system
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a system that collects and treats wastewater from a city or a town
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septic system
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a small wastewater system used by a home or a business
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point-source pollution
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pollution that enters water from a known source
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What is an example of point-source pollution?
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sewage flowing from a pipe
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nonpoint-source pollution
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pollution whose source is hard to find or is scattered
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What is an example of nonpoint-source pollution?
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runoff water carrying chemicals and pollutants
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drought
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a long period of abnormally low rainfall
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desalination
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the process of removing salt from ocean water
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Which type of irrigation pours water through canals and waterways?
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flood irrigation
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A channel dug to allow boats to travel from one river to another is an example of ______.
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a canal
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A section of a waterway in which shops are raised or lowered is called a _______.
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lock
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Concentrations of substances are often expressed as ______.
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parts per million
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In a sewage system, what is added to kill harmful bacteria?
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chlorine
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In a sewage plant, sludge and oil are consumed by _______.
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bacteria
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How are aquifers depleted?
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overuse of underground water, or the water is used faster than it is made
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How does the practice of organic farming help prevent water pollution?
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chemicals aren't used in organic farming so polluting runoff water isn't possible
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What problems do people have with sharing the Rio Grande?
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every year it takes water to go around and eventually there won't be any water left
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How are EPA standards used to protect fresh water?
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the have standards the water has to meet and it lists harmful organisms that could be in the water
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Describe the six steps to cleaning water.
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1st - water is collected and stored
2nd - dirt and bacteria clump together and chemicals are added 3rd - clarifying pool 4th - flows through coal, sand, and gravel 5th - chlorine added 6th - stored in tanks until it is needed |
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Our bodies are more than one half ______.
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water
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Why do tomatoes need water?
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grown using water
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Why do you need water for basic household chores?
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You need water to wash your clothes and dishes.
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Why do you need water in order to have cheese?
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came from a cow that drank water
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Why do you need water to have paper?
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came from a paper mill where water washed and mixed wood pulp
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Why do u need water to have metal?
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mined underground using water
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Hydroelectric Power
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energy created by water moving due to gravity
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Where do cities get most of their water from?
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reservoirs
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Who can manage water use and enforce laws?
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Public Officials
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How are desalination and the water cycle similar?
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Ocean water evaporates and then condenses and then falls as freshwater.
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What are two potential sources of fresh water? Are these sources practical today? Why or why not?
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Lakes and rivers.
They are sometimes practical when they are clean and not polluted. But when lakes are polluted they are hard to use. |
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Out of all the water in the world how much of that water is salt water?
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96-97%
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Out of all the water in the world how much of that water is fresh water?
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3-4%
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Where can fresh water be found?
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Glaciers, lakes, aquifers, and streams
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