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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the two scientists who discovered the shape of DNA
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Watson & Crick
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4 Differences between DNA and RNA
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DNA- Double Helix, A,T,G,C, Found in the nucleus only, Thousands of genes, larger.
RNA-Singe Helix, A,U,G,C, nucleus & cytoplasm, smaller, copy of one gene. |
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If the mRNA codon is AUG, DNA and RNA are?
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DNA-TAC, RNA-UAC
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Explain the shape structure and nitrogen bases of RNA
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Phosphate, 1 Gene, Ribonucleic acid.
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What process assembles amino acids into proteins?
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Elongation
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What are the building blocks of protein?
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A-T
G-C |
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What causes mutation?
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UV lights, radiation, smoking, pollution.
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What are the nitrogen bases used by RNA and DNA?
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A,U,T,G,C
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Where does replication, transcription, and translation occur?
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Nucleus
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DNA: AGT, CAG, CTT, AGC
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TCA, GTC, CTT, AGC
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DNA Replication: One Double Helix makes: which results in:
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an identical copy. 2 identical twisted ladders.
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How is DNA semi-conservative?
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When two strands become four strands after replication, then each double helix has one new and old strand. (conservative)
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DNA Stands for:
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid
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RNA stands for:
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Ribonuceic Acid
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Nucleotides are made up of 3 parts:
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5 carbon sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
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____Nitrogen Bases
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four- Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine
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Watson & Crick:
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Discovered the double helix.
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Outside of ladder:
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Deoxyribose, Phosphate Group
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Rungs of Ladder:
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Nitrogen base pairs.
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Held together by
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Hydrogen bonds
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Bases are always attached to
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sugar
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messenger-carries DNA's message from nucleus-cytoplasm
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mRNA
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ribosomes-helps translate the message into protein
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rRNA
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carries in the appropriate amino acid to make a polypeptide
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tRNA
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Gene must be able to direct the sequence of the
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amino acid to construct the correct protein
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Codon-code made up
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of 3 nitrogen bases (on DNA & RNA)
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There are __ possible combinations with only T, G & C
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64
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Anticodons are located on_______and decode____and help make the______
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tRNA(Transfer RNA), mRNA, protein
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start codon indicates the
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begining of the protein
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stop codon indicates the
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end of the code for a specific protein
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Helicaze (____)
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enzyme
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enzyme that copies one gene of DNA molecule to make single helix RNA molecule
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RNA Polymerase
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used instead of thymine
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uracil
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Single helix RNA molecule made from
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DNA template (copies 1 gene)
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mRNA that was transcribed from DNA goes to
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the cytoplasm (ribosomes and rough ER)
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mRNA codons are decoded by
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tRNA anticodons at ribosome
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each tRNA carries a specific
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amino acid
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Process of making protein: Transcription
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mRNA copies 1 gene of DNA
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Process of making protein: Translation
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mRNA decoded by rRNA and tRNA to make protein
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Process of making protein: Elongation
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Protein assembled
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mutations in all or part of a chromosome
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Chromosomal mutations
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mutation of 1 gene on a chromosome
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Gene Mutations
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a piece of a chromosome breaks off and loses some genes(missing letter-etter)
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Deletion
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piece of a chromosome is rotated (letter is rotated)
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Inversion
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piece of a chromosome breaks off and joins another chromosome(addition)
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Insertion
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when a chromosome copies the same gene more than once(repeated letters-reppeated)
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Duplication
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pieces of non-homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material(swap letters-lwap setters)
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Translocation
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Put the following smallest to largest: nucleotide, DNA, gene, chromosome,genome
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nucleotide < DNA < gene < chromosome < genome
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XXY Disorders
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Klinefelter syndrome, ADD, depression
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