Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How does relief of an area affect movement of water through that area?
|
Gravity makes water goes downwards so water on mountains falls down into lakes, trenches, and streams at lower elevations
|
|
|
How does a delta form?
|
a river deposits sediment as it enters the ocean
|
|
|
How does an alluvial fan form?
|
stream leaves a steep valley and enters a flatter plain
|
|
|
What are sinkholes? How do they form?
|
it's a basin that forms when the roof of a cave falls in
|
|
|
How does a sandbar form?
|
sand built up by waves and currents
|
|
|
How do barrier islands form?
|
current's affect on sandbars
|
|
|
How do dunes form?
|
wind blows sand
|
|
|
How does loess form?
|
Deposits of wind blown sediments
|
|
|
River System
|
the collection of streams which drain water from a specific watershed
|
|
|
Divide
|
the edge (higher ground) of a water shed
|
|
|
Distributaries
|
channels which take water from a river, usually in the coastal plain
|
|
|
What is a Distributary for the Mississippi River?
|
Bayou Manchac
|
|
|
What is the effect of a longshore current on a beach?
|
moves sediments along the beach
|
|
|
Erosion
|
the process in which weathered particles are picked up and moved from one place to another
|
|
|
Deposition
|
the part of the erosion process in which sediment is placed in a new place
|
|
|
What is the main natural force that affects erosion and deposition?
|
gravity
|
|
|
How does water affect erosion?
|
water from melting snow carries rock and snow particles which flows to rivers, then the particles fall on the banks or near the mouth, and waves from oceans or lakes deposit soil to form beaches
|
|
|
How does wind affect erosion?
|
strong winds lift particles and carry them then when wind slows they drop
|
|
|
How does ice affect erosion?
|
is moves slowly downhill and transports rock and soil particles
|
|
|
mass wasting
|
downhill movement of masses of rock and soil
|
|
|
Landslide
|
sudden fast movement of rock
|
|
|
Mudflow
|
movement of debris and lots of water
|
|
|
Rockfall
|
individual rocks drop suddenly and freely down a steep cliff or mountain
|
|
|
Rockslide
|
a large mass of rock slides as a unit down a slope
|
|
|
Where can mudflows occur?
|
wet mountain valleys and active volcanoes
|
|
|
Slumps
|
slide of loose debris moves as a single unit; occur b/c of heavy rains
|
|
|
Creep
|
very slow form of mass movement where soil moves and causes things to lean
|
|
|
drainage basin
|
area of land in which water drains into a stream system
|
|
|
divide
|
a ridge from which water drains to one side or the other
|
|
|
floodplain
|
area of land on either side of a stream that is underwater when the stream floods
|
|
|
meanders
|
curves and bends that form a twisting, looping pattern in a stream channel
|
|
|
oxbow lake
|
where meanders cut off and form a crescent shaped lake
|
|
|
alluvial fan
|
fan shaped deposit of sediment at the base of a mountain
|
|
|
delta
|
an area of land formed by the building up of sediments at the end, or mouth of a river
|
|
|
Longshore Drift
|
the zig zag movement of sand along a beach; the angled waves carry sand up onto shore gravity pulls it through water and sand back into the water
|
|
|
Longshore Current
|
movement of water along a shore as waves strike the shore at an angle; direction can change from day to day
|
|
|
What can longshore currents cause/do?
|
move large amounts of sand along beaches; cause a beach to shrink at some places and grow at others
|
|
|
barrier island
|
long, narrow island that develops parallel to a coast
|
|
|
dune
|
a mound of sand built up by the wind
|
|
|
loess
|
deposits of fine wind-blown sediment
|
|
|
glacier
|
a large mass of ice that moves over land
|
|
|
How much of Earth's surface do glaciers cover?
|
10%
|
|
|
till
|
sediment left directly on the ground surface by a retreating glacier
|
|
|
Where do rivers transport sediment?
|
oceans and lakes
|
|
|
What shape is a mountain valley carved by a glacier?
|
U
|
|
|
What is the connection between glaciers and icebergs?
|
If you don't have a glacier you can't have an ice berg.
|
|
|
River System
|
the collection of streams which drain water from a specific watershed
|
|
|
Divide
|
the edge (higher ground) of a watershed
|
|
|
Ages of a River
Mountains |
High Elevation
Steep Slope Shallow Water Moving fast |
|
|
Ages of a River
"Great Plains" |
Medium Elevation
Medium Slope Deep Water Moving Fast |
|
|
Ages of a River
"Coastal Plains" |
low elevation
no slope not very deep moves slower |
|
|
When does river carry most of its sediments?
|
during a flood
|
|
|
What happens to water as it leaves the channel?
|
water spreads out
velocity decreases as velocity decreases, sediments drop; heavier particles first then lighter particles |
|
|
What happens to excess water in a flood?
|
it leaves the channel and enters the floodplain
|
|
|
Watershed
|
the area of land drained by a specific system
|
|
|
Where does the MS River watershed flow to?
|
North - Canada
South - Gulf East - Appalachian mountains West - Rocky Mountains |
|
|
Stream Formation
|
Rain in higher elevations accumulate and then move downhill
|
|
|
Moving water forms a channel
|
increased speed; v shaped
|
|
|
How do some dunes start?
|
as ripples that grow larger
|
|
|
Under what conditions do dunes form?
|
Where there are strong winds and loose sand
|
|
|
How can wind and waves change the look of a shoreline?
|
erode them, wear it down, build dunes
|
|
|
What is a sign of erosion?
|
being round
|
|
|
List a characteristic of deposition.
|
moving sediments to a new location
|
|
|
Name three characteristics of mass wasting.
|
pulls downwards b/c of gravity, large amount moved (when there is a landslide), and soil and rock
|
|
|
Why do volcanoes sometimes cause mudflows?
|
Sometimes there is snow and the ash and heat from the volcano melts it forming water which combines with ash and causes mud flows
|
|
|
What is the difference between a slump and a rockslide?
|
Slump moves as a single movement; rockslides move seperately, different chunks
|
|
|
Where do rivers run?
|
Through low points in steep valleys.
|
|
|
What is the land around rivers like?
|
The land slopes down towards rivers
|
|
|
How does water affect landforms?
|
It shapes and carves them
|
|
|
Deltas and alluvial fans form the deposition of sediment. Where are each of these landforms located?
|
Alluvial Fan - base of a mountain
Delta - end of a river or mouth |
