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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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minerals
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inorganic solid material with a particular chemical makeup and orderly arrangement of atoms
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minerals are made of two or more
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minerals
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magma
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minerals form from blank or lava or through evaporation or precipitations
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size
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mineral formation includes blank and how mineral crystals fit together
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properties
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characteristics used to identify minerals
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crystals
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solid materials with a repeating pattern of atoms
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cleavage and fracture
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some minerals have blank splitting into thin sheets; other minerals have blank, breaking into rough edges
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streak
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color or color of a powered mineral helps identify minerals
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luster
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describes how light reflects from a minerals surface
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hardness
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Mohs scale uses this to classifyminerals from 1 softest to 10 hardest
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specific gravity
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compares weight of mineral with weight of an equal volume of water
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magnetism
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other properties of minerals include blank, double refraction, taste, or reactions with acid
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common minerals
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most rock forming minerals are silicates or carbonates
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gems
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rare minerals that can be cut and polished
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pressure
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diamonds are produced under blank beneath earths surface and brought to the surface by special volcanic eruptions
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ores
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CONTAINS enough useful mineral to be sold at a profit
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processed
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ores must be this to extract the mineral
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igneous erocks
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form from melted rock that cools
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extrusive
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igneous rocks that form when melted rock cools on earths surface
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intrusive
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igneous rocks that form when melted rock cools beneath earths surface
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granitic
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light colored often intrusive igneous rocks containing a high percentage of silica
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basalt
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dark colored often extrusive igneous rocks containing iron, magnesium, or calicium
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lava
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melted rock that reaches earths surface and forms extrusive igneous rock when it cools
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volcanoes
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can erupt bringing a lava flow to earths surfacef
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fishers
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large cracks can allow melted rock to ooze out in a lava flow
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magma
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melted rock that does not reach earths surface; intrusive igneous rocks form as magma slowly cools under the surface
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crystal size
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MAIN DIFFERENCE BETWEEN intrusive and extrusive igneous rock
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intrusive
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igneous rocks that have large crystals
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extrusive
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GNEOUS ROCKS THAT do not have large crystals
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sedimentary
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rocks form in layers from broken rock, shells, plants, and other materials
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detrital
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rocks made of grains from minerals or other rocks that have been compressed
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chemical
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rocks form when mineral rich water evaporates and from other blank processes
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organic
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rocks form from dead pants and animals that have been compressed
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coal
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rock that is produced from layers of plants
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limestone
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produced from organic sediment in the ocean, it is usually
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fossils
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chalk is a kind of limestone made from this of tiny animals and algae
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pressure
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time, blank, and heat, and events such as erosion and moving land masses, make new rocks out of old rocka
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metamorphic rock
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form when existing rocks are heated or squeezed; they recrystallize and might change chemically
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fiolated
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rocks having visible layers or elongated mineral grains
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non fiolated
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rocks do not have layers or bands
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rock cycle
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rocks change from one type to another over millions of years
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diagram
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or model shows each rock on a continuing journey
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any
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a rock in blank part of the cycle could become any other kind of rock
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