Science Test 1

Front 1

motion

Back 1

change in position relative to another object or point

Front 2

4 types of motion

Back 2

straight line
projectile
circular
vibrational

Front 3

speed

Back 3

change in position with respect to time

Front 4

velocity

Back 4

speed with direction

Front 5

acceleration

Back 5

a change in motion, change in speed, change in direction, change in both

Front 6

force

Back 6

push or pull one body exerts on another

Front 7

balanced forces

Back 7

forces of equal size, but opposite direction

Front 8

unbalanced forces

Back 8

causes a net force in one direction that change an objects velocity

Front 9

four fundamental forces

Back 9

gravitational- act between all objects
electromagnetic- act between electrically charged parts of atom
weak nuclear force- involved in certain nuclear reactions
strong nuclear force- involved in holding nucleus together.

Front 10

Newton's 1st law of motion

Back 10

law of inertia. an object moving at constant velocity keeps moving at that velocity unless a net force acts on it.
ex: you are in a car and it suddenly stops

Front 11

newton's second law

Back 11

describes the acceleration of an object in the direction of the net force applied to it.
ex: a bowling ball would require a greater force to produce an equal acceleration as a ping pong ball

Front 12

newtons 3rd law

Back 12

describes action and reaction pairs. for every action force, there is an equal and opposite reaction force.
ex: jumping on a trampoline

Front 13

force of gravity

Back 13

every object in the universe exerts a force on every other object. depends on two things:
1. masses of the two objects
2. distance between the objects

Front 14

weight

Back 14

force of gravity on an object.

Front 15

mass

Back 15

quantitative measure of inertia, the amount of matter

Front 16

free fall

Back 16

falling under influence of gravity without air resistance

Front 17

air resistance

Back 17

force air exerts on a moving object.

Front 18

3 types of motion

Back 18

1. vertical
2. horizontal
3. both

Front 19

vertical projectile

Back 19

slows going up, stops at top, accelerates downward

Front 20

horizontal projectile

Back 20

remains the same, taken with vertical motion, curved path

Front 21

buoyant force

Back 21

equal but opposite to the weight of the water displaced by the object

Front 22

friction

Back 22

force the opposes motion between two surfaces that touch each other

Front 23

momentum

Back 23

important property closely related to newtons 2nd law. includes velocity and mass

Front 24

impulse

Back 24

a force acting on an object for some time

Front 25

newton's law of gravitation

Back 25

attractive forces between all masses. proportional to product of the masses. inversely proportional to separation distance squared.

Front 26

work

Back 26

an applied force acting through a distance parallel to that force

Front 27

power

Back 27

rate at which work is done

Front 28

energy

Back 28

ability to do work

Front 29

energy forms

Back 29

mechanical
-kinetic plus potential
chemical
-energy involved in chemical reactions
radiant
-electromagnetic, visible light
electrical
nuclear
-involving nucleus

Front 30

potential energy

Back 30

stored energy of position

Front 31

kinetic energy

Back 31

energy of motion, waves, objects, molecules

Front 32

gravitation energy

Back 32

stored energy due to place or position
ex: water in a dam

Front 33

chemical energy

Back 33

stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. converted to thermal energy when we burn wood.

Front 34

nuclear energy

Back 34

stored in the nucleus of atom.
fission-break nucleus apart
fusion- combines nuclei oh hydrogen atoms

Front 35

radiant energy

Back 35

travels through space.

Front 36

thermal heat

Back 36

vibration or movement of particles

Front 37

law of conservation of energy

Back 37

energy is never created or destroyed. energy can be converted from one form to another, but the total energy must remain constant.

Front 38

major teaching concept

Back 38

forms of energy have a source, a means of transfer, and a receiver.

Front 39

machine

Back 39

a device that makes work easier

Front 40

1st class lever

Back 40

fulcrum in middle

Front 41

2nd class lever

Back 41

load in middle

Front 42

3rd class lever

Back 42

force in middle

Front 43

compound or complex machine

Back 43

made up of more than one simple machine
ex: bike

Front 44

solids

Back 44

hold their shape, definite volume, do not make puddle

Front 45

liquids

Back 45

does not hold shape, do make puddle
take shape of container

Front 46

gas

Back 46

spreads out in air. indefinite volume

Front 47

temperature

Back 47

a measure of the internal energy of an object

Front 48

heat

Back 48

a form of energy transfer between two objects

Front 49

external energy

Back 49

total potential and kinetic energy of any every day sized object.

Front 50

internal energy

Back 50

total kinetic energy of the molecules in that object

Front 51

conduction

Back 51

transfer of energy through matter by direct contact of particles. faster moving particles hit slower moving particles and transfer some of the momentum

Front 52

conduction--

Back 52

heat flowing through matter, direct physical contact required. cannot occur in a vacuum.

Front 53

convection

Back 53

transfer of energy in fluids (liquids or gas) by the bulk movement of matter. ex: space heater, gas furnace

Front 54

radiation

Back 54

transfer of energy in the form of waves, transferred by the sun.

Front 55

thermodynamics

Back 55

the study of heat and it's relationship to mechanical and other forms of energy.

Front 56

first law of thermodynamics

Back 56

law of conservation of energy- energy supplied to a thermodynamic system in the form of heat minus the work done by the system is equal to the change in internal temperature.

Front 57

second law of thermodynamics

Back 57

heat naturally moves from higher to lower temperatures. energy is required to move heat from a lower temperature to a hotter temp.