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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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periodic
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having a regular, repeating patteren
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period
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a horizontal row of elements on the periodic table-mendeleev's
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group
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a column of elements on the periodic table
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major characteristics and examples from each class of element. metals
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shiny,malleable,good conductors of thermal engery most are ductile-atoms of most metals have few electrons in their outer engery level.
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major characteristics and examples from each class of element. metalloids
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atoms of metalloiids have a half- complete set of electrons in their outer engery level.-they have some properties of metals and non-metals,--tellurium is shiny, but is brittle easily smashed into powder.
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major characteristics and examples from each class of element. nonmetals
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brittle, weak, will shatter when hit by a hammer.- are non malleable or ductile- sulfuria a nonmetal- is not shiny.atoms of most nonmetals have an almost complete set of electrons in their outer level, noble gases have a complete set of electronsmost having eight in their outer energy level.poor conductors of thermal energy and electric current half of nonmetals are gases at room temp.-oppisit of meyals.
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difference between groups and periods
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groups are columns-top to bottom.elements in the same group often have similar chemical and physical properties -sometimes called a family.
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differece between period and group
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are called rows-left to right properties of elements in a row follow a repeating, or a periodic, patteren as you move across each period.the physical and chemical properties of elements change gradully from those of a metal to nonmeatla in each period. so the opposite ends of a period have very defferent properties from one another
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true or false
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elements in a row become less metallic from left to right.
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how are elements identified using chemical symbols
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first two letters of it name
first letter of its name first and third or later letter of the name. letter(s) of a word other than the English name first letter of root words that stand for atomic number (used for elements whose official names have not yet been chosen) |
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why hydrogen stands apart in the periodic table
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the properties of hydrogen do not match the properties of any single group-only one electron in their outer level.
it can give away one electron when joining with other atoms.hydrogen is like non-metals-most abundant element in the world- used in rockets for fuel |
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nameS of element
major characteristics (METALS) example of group |
GROUP 1-ALKALI METALS
SOFT, SILVERY-COLORED;SHINY low density very actived one electrons in the outer level alkaline-earth metals electrons in the outer level-2-reactived but not as reactived as group one becuz it has only 1 electron to share-silver color metals-transition 3-12 no indiv.names-1-2 electrons-less reactived than alk/earth metals-shared prop.-shiny-good conductors of thermalenrtgy and electric current, higher densities and mealting points.except for mercury-than elements in groups1-2 |
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periodic table GROUP-1
HOW MANY ELECTONS-INTER OR OUTER-REACTIVITY? SHARES PROPERTIES? |
ALKALI METALS-1 OUTER-SOFT, SILVER-COLORED; SHINY; LOW DENSITY (LOW IN LITHIUM, SODIUM, POTASSIUM )LESS DENSE THAN WATER.
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periodic table GROUP-2
HOW MANY ELECTONS-INTER OR OUTER-REACTIVITY? SHARES PROPERTIES? |
ALKALINE - EARTH METALS 2 OUTER- VERY REACTIVED-LESS THAN ALKALI BECUZ ALKALIN ONLY HAS ONE ELECTRON TO SHARE,SILVER- COLORED, MORE DENCE THAN ALKALI METALS-ALKALINE-EARTH METAL MAGNESIUM IS MIXED WITH OTHER MATERIALS USED IN AIRPLAINS-COMPOUNDS OF CALCIUM ARE FOUND IN CEMENT,PLASTER,CHALK, YOU
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periodic table GROUP-3-12
HOW MANY ELECTONS-INTER OR OUTER-REACTIVITY? SHARES PROPERTIES? |
TRANSITION METALS -1OR2 OUTER
LESS REACTIVED THAN ALKALINE-EARTH METALS.THE ATOMS OF THE TRAN. METALS DO NOT GIVE AWAY THEIR ELECTRONS AS EASILY AS GROUP 1 &2MAKING THEM LESS REACTIVED- SHARES- SHINY, GOOD CONDUCTORS OF THERMAL ENGERY AND ELECTRIC CURRENTS HIGHER DENSITIES AND MEALTING POINTS(EXCEPT FOR MERCURY) THAN ELEMENTS IN GROUPS 1 AND 2- |
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periodic table GROUP-13-16
HOW MANY ELECTONS-INTER OR OUTER-REACTIVITY? SHARES PROPERTIES? |
METALLOIDS=SOME METALS AND NONMETALS,-ONE METALLOID AND FOUR METALS-3-OUTER-REACTIVE SHARED-SOLID AT ROOM TEMP.MOST COMMON- ALUMINUM- CAR OARTS AIRCRAFT FOIL CANS WIRES
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periodic table GROUP-14
HOW MANY ELECTONS-INTER OR OUTER-REACTIVITY? SHARES PROPERTIES |
CARBON GROUP-ONE NONMETAL, TWO METALLOIDS AND TWO METALS- 4 OUTER LEVEL REACTIVY VARIES AMONG THE ELEMENTS-SHARED-SOLID AT ROOM TEMP-METALLOIDS SILICOM AND GERMANIUM ARE USED TO MAKE COMPUTER CHIPS.-THE METAL IS NOT VERY REACTIVED/-TIN CAN IS MADE OF STEEL COATED WITH TIN- TIN IS LESS REACTIVED THAN STEEL- TIN KEEPS THE STEEL FROM RUSTING NON METAL CARBON FOUND UNCOMBINED IN NATURE-PROTEINS, FATS, CARBS-NEED TO LIVE ON EARTH.DIAMONDS AND SOOT VERY DIFFERENT-BUT ARE NATURAL FORMS OF CARBON.
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periodic table GROUP-15
HOW MANY ELECTONS-INTER OR OUTER-REACTIVITY? SHARES PROPERTIES |
NITROGEN GROUP-2-NONMETALS,2 METALLOIDS 1 METAL- 5 OUTER LEVEL-REACTIVED VARIES AMONG THE ELEMENTS-SHARED-ALL BUT NITROGEN ARE SOLID AT ROOM TEMP.NITROGEN IS GAS AT ROOM TEMP- MAKES UP 80%OF THE AIR YOU BREATHE-NITROGEN REMOVED FROM AIR IS REACTED WITH HYDROGEN TO MAKE AMMONIA FOR FERTILIZERS.NITROGEN IS NON REACTIVED-PHOSPHORUS IS ONLY FOUND EXTREMLY REACTIVED- COMBINED WITH OTHER ELEMENTS IN NATURE.
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periodic table GROUP-16
HOW MANY ELECTONS-INTER OR OUTER-REACTIVITY? SHARES PROPERTIES |
OXYGEN GROUP-3 NONMETALS- 1 METALLOIDS-1 METAL-OUTER LEVEL6-REACTIVED-SHARES ALL BUT OXYGEN ARE SOLID AT ROOM TEMP-OXYGEN IS 20% OF AIR.IT IS NECESSARY FOR SUBSTANCE TO BURN- CHEMICAL ON A MATCH STICK-SULFURAS A YELLOW SOLID FOUND IN NATURE. IT MAKES SULFURIC ACID-WIDLEY USED COMPOUND.
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periodic table GROUP-17-18
HOW MANY ELECTONS-INTER OR OUTER-REACTIVITY? SHARES PROPERTIES |
HALOGENS NON METALS- 17 ONLY REACTIVED-7 OUTER LEVEL VERY REACTIVED-SHARED-POOR CONDUCTORS OF ELECTRIC CURRENT, REACT VIOLENTLY W/ ALKALI METALS TO FORM SALTS-NEVER FOUND UNCOMBINED IN NATURE- VERY REACTIVED BECUZ THEIR ATOM NEED TO GAIN ONLY ONE ELECTRON TO HAVE A COMPLETE OUTER LEVEL- USE FOR CHLORINE TO TREAT WATER-IODINE MIXED W/ALCOHOL IS USED IN HOSPITAL.
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periodic table GROUP-18
HOW MANY ELECTONS-INTER OR OUTER-REACTIVITY? SHARES PROPERTIES |
NOBLE GASES-GROUP CONTAINS NONMETALS- GROUP 18 NORMALLY WON'T REACT 8 OUTER LEVEL(2FOR HELIUM)SHARED- COLORLESS, ODORLESS GASES AT ROOM TEMP.NON REACT BECUZ THEY HAVE A COMPLETE SET OF ELECTRONS IN THE OUTER LEVEL.-FOUND- IN EARTHS ATMOSPHERE IN SMALL AMOUNTS-MAKES 1% OF THE ATMOSPHERE. LIGHT BULBS LAST LONGER WHEN FILLED W/ ARGON BECUZ ARGON IS NONREACTIVE- HELIUM IS SAFER THAN HYDROGEN NONREACTIVED -HELIUM MAKES BLIMPS TO FLOAT -NEON LIGHTS
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