Science - Taxonomy

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Taxonomy

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the scientific classification or organisms

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Aristotle

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1st person to organize living and non living things into categories. His classifications system called "Scala Naturae" (ladder of life)

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Scala Naturae

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mammals, vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, non-living things

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Ladder of Life
name changed to

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Great Chain of Being

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Carolus Linnaeus

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1700's - Swedish Naturalist
came up w/ 2 Kingdoms: Plantae and Animalia. He also named organisms with 2 names (binomial nomenclature) using the genus and species name for the organism

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R. H. Whittaker

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came up witha 5 Kingdom System for organizing living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Bacteria and Protoctists

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In order to be classified one has to be...

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living

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7 Major Categories now exist to classify living things:

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Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

Think: Kids pick candy over fancy green salads

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Species

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a group of organisms that can mate with one another and produce fertile offspring)

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5 Kingdoms

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Prokaryotae, Protoctista (Protista), Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

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Kingdom Prokaryotae

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(meaning before the nucleus)
Example: E Coli
Key characteristics: one-celled organisms, no nucleus, can live practically everywhere

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Kingdom Protoctista or
Kingdom Protista

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Examples: amoebas, protozoa, giant kelp, seaweed
Key characteristics: has a nucleus, mostly contains only one-celled and can only be seen under a microscope

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Kingdom Fungi

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Example: Molds, mushrooms, lichens
Key Characteristics: not green, reproduce by spores, no chlorophyll (cannot produce their own food), very important in the health of forests

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Kingdom Plantae

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10 divisions used instead of Phylums

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Division Bryophyta and Hepaticophyta

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Examples: mosses, liverworts
Key characteristics: these plants absorb water and minerals through their entire body surface (not roots or stems); they reproduce with spores (not with seeds)

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Division Filicinophyta

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Examples: Ferns
Key characteristics: reproduce with spores, most have tissues that conduct water and minerals

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Division Coniferophyta

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Examples: evergreens with needle-like leaves
Key characteristics: cone bearing plants

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Division Angiospermophyta

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Examples: daises, roses, apple trees, corn, oak trees and grasses
Key characteristics: use flowers for reproduction

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Division Ginkgophyta

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Examples: Ginko trees
Key Characteristics: unusual tree that does not use flowers to reproduce, not an evergreen

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Botanists

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scientist who study plants

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Plants

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are many celled organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis and reproduce through seeds or spores

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Zoologists

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scientists who study animals

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Kingdom Animalia

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Animals are divided into 33 phylum

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Phylum Porifera

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Examples: sponges
Key Characteristics: sizes range from 1cm to 1.5m long

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Phylum Cnidaria

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Examples: sea anemones, jellyfish, coral
Key characteristics: animals that have a circular design and stinging tentacles around the mouth

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Phylum Platyhelminthes

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Examples: Flatworms (planarian), tapeworms
Key Characteristics: range in size from 3mm to 30m

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Phylum Rotifera

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Examples:
Key Characteristics: microscopic animals that rotate or spin in water

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Phylum Mollusca

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Examples: giant squids, slugs, snails, octopus
Key characteristics: soft bodies, 2 times as many mollusks as vertebrates

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Phylum Annelida

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Examples: earthworms, leeches
Key characteristics: segmented worms, size range from 1/2 mm to 10 feet long

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Phylum Echniodermata

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Examples: Starfish, sand dollars, sea urchins
Key characteristics: all marine animals and have radiating body parts

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Phylum Arthropoda

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Examples: spiders, insects
key characteristics: segmented bodies and exoskeletons

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Phylum Chordata

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Animals that have a backbone
5 classes: Pisces (fish), Amphibia (salamanders, toads, frogs), Class Reptilla (lizards, snakes, turtles, crocs), Aves (birds), Mammalia (mammals - humans)