Science T2

Front 1

Geology

Back 1

The study of the earth

Front 2

Transition zone

Back 2

Area where the upper and lower mantles merge ore-mantle boundary

Front 3

core-mantle boundary

Back 3

Also called the Gutenberg discontinuity; lies 1800 miles beneath the surface and marks the bottom of the mantle

Front 4

Lithosphere

Back 4

Region of the earth's crust and upper mantle composed of plates that "float" on the upper mantle

Front 5

Pangaea

Back 5

One huge mass that separated into the present-day continents

Front 6

Syncline

Back 6

Troughlike structure formed when rocks bend downward during folding

Front 7

Anticline

Back 7

Archlike structure formed when rocks buckle upward during folding

Front 8

Volcanic mountain

Back 8

Formed when molten rock erupts from a hole in the earth's crust

Front 9

Domed mountain

Back 9

Appears to form when molten rock is forced beneath an overlying rock layer

Front 10

Tectonic earthquake

Back 10

Results from sudden movements of rock beneath the earth's surface

Front 11

Tremor

Back 11

Weak earthquake

Front 12

Aftershock

Back 12

Smaller earthquakes that often follows a large earthquake

Front 13

Seismology

Back 13

Study of earthquakes

Front 14

Focus

Back 14

Point at which an earthquake begins

Front 15

Epicenter

Back 15

Point of the earth's surface directly above the focus

Front 16

Volcano

Back 16

Opening in the watches surface which hot gases, ash, and molten rock are ejected from the earth's interior

Front 17

Magma

Back 17

Molten rock

Front 18

Ejecta

Back 18

Any substance emitted by an active volcano

Front 19

Panhoehoe

Back 19

"Ropy" Lava that hardens to form either a smooth or s surface that resembles ropes

Front 20

aa

Back 20

Lava that hardens into rough jagged rocks

Front 21

Pyroclastic flow

Back 21

Superheated cloud of gas and volcanic ash that travels swiftly down a volcanic slope

Front 22

Caldera

Back 22

Huge bowl shaped crater formed by the collapse of an emptied magma chamber beneath a volcano

Front 23

Lava tunnel

Back 23

Horizontal underground tube formed when surface lava hardened while the lava beneath remained molten and continued to flow

Front 24

Igneous intrusion

Back 24

Mass of volcanic rock beneath the surface

Front 25

The most abundant element in the earth's most crust

Back 25

Oxygen

Front 26

The three major kinds of faults

Back 26

Normal, strike-slip, thrust

Front 27

Well known fault in western California

Back 27

San Andreas fault

Front 28

The free types of earthquake waves, from fastest to slowest

Back 28

P waves, S waves, and surface waves

Front 29

The three types of volcanoes

Back 29

Cinder-cone, shield, composite

Front 30

The belt where over half of the worlds active volcanoes are found

Back 30

Ring of Fire

Front 31

The igneous intrusion similar to, but larger than, a laccolith

Back 31

Batholiths

Front 32

What are the earth's three major layers and contrast them

Back 32

•crust - thin outer layer of solid rock

•mantle - thick middle layer made of plastic rock;divided into upper mantle, transition mantle, and lower mantle

•core - center region of the earth; divided into outer core (liquid) and inner core (solid)

Front 33

How do geologist gain information about the earth's interior?

Back 33

By studying how seismic waves (earthquake vibrations) travel through the earth

Front 34

What is the theory of plate tectonics?

Back 34

The earth's crust consists of several plates that float like rafts on the upper mantle

Front 35

What's the difference between a fault and a fold?

Back 35

A fault- forces on the rock of the crust cause the rock to break

A fold - forces on the rock of the crust cause the rock to bend