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222 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The reproductive strategies are classified in what two major types? |
Sexual and asexual |
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How many parents does asexual reproduction involve |
One |
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Sexual reproduction typically involves how many individuals? |
Usually two |
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True or false; Some species CANNOT reproduce sexually and asexually |
False. Some examples include sunflowers, roses, some grass types, aphids, sponges |
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Sexual reproducing species have the ______ chance for survival if there is a lot of _______ |
Sexual reproducing species have the BEST chance for survival if there is a lot of VARIATION |
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The pistil is the ______ part of the plant where OVULES can be found |
The pistil is the Female part of the plant where ovules can be found |
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True or false; sexual reproduction relies on the union of two specialized cells called gametes |
True |
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The offspring is a mix of the parent(s) characteristics in which reproduction strategies |
Sexual reproduction |
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MALE gametes are called ______ cells |
MALE gametes are called SPERM cells |
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Female gametes are called ____ cells (ova) |
Female gametes are called EGGS cells (ova) |
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What is it called when two gametes dude? |
Fertilization This forms a zygote |
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What is the process that divides the zygote called? |
Cleavage |
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What is the process that divides the zygote called? |
Cleavage |
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What is the multicellular life form called after the cleavage process happens? |
The embryo |
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The stamen is the ____ part of the plant |
Male |
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_______ contains the male gametes and is found on the stamen |
Pollen contains the male gametes and is found on the stamen |
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What are the two types of fertilization that can occur during sexual reproduction? |
Internal (this happens in mammals for example) External (this happens in fish & frogs for example) |
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Scientists James Watson and Francis Crick presented the structure of what? |
DNA (or deoxyribonucleic) |
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DNA’s structure is what? And resembles what? |
Double Helix structure that resembles a ladder that has been twisted into a spiral |
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DNA’s structure is what? And resembles what? |
Double Helix structure that resembles a ladder that has been twisted into a spiral |
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What are chromosomes? |
Chromosomes are packaged within the cell which contain DNA |
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______ reproduction produces offspring identical to the parents |
Asexual reproduction |
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______ reproduction produces offspring genetically different from the parent(s) |
Sexual |
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Binary fission occurs in what organisms |
Binary fission occurs in unicellular organisms |
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Binary fission occurs in what organisms |
Binary fission occurs in unicellular organisms |
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What is meiosis |
Is type of cell division that produces cells with only half of the DNA |
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Binary fission occurs in what organisms |
Binary fission occurs in unicellular organisms |
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What is meiosis |
Is type of cell division that produces cells with only half of the DNA |
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If a dominant and recessive trait are paired, which trait will overpower the other? |
The dominant trait will always over power |
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Binary fission occurs in what organisms |
Binary fission occurs in unicellular organisms |
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What is meiosis |
Is type of cell division that produces cells with only half of the DNA |
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If a dominant and recessive trait are paired, which trait will overpower the other? |
The dominant trait will always over power |
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What is overspecialization? |
Overspecialization refers to when an organism has an adaptation specialized for a narrow set of environmental conditions |
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Binary fission occurs in what organisms |
Binary fission occurs in unicellular organisms |
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What is meiosis |
Is type of cell division that produces cells with only half of the DNA |
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If a dominant and recessive trait are paired, which trait will overpower the other? |
The dominant trait will always over power |
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What is overspecialization? |
Overspecialization refers to when an organism has an adaptation specialized for a narrow set of environmental conditions |
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True or false; Extirpation refers to worldwide extinction |
False. Extirpation refers to local extinction or disappearance of a species |
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Binary fission occurs in what organisms |
Binary fission occurs in unicellular organisms |
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What is meiosis |
Is type of cell division that produces cells with only half of the DNA |
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If a dominant and recessive trait are paired, which trait will overpower the other? |
The dominant trait will always over power |
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What is overspecialization? |
Overspecialization refers to when an organism has an adaptation specialized for a narrow set of environmental conditions |
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True or false; Extirpation refers to worldwide extinction |
False. Extirpation refers to local extinction or disappearance of a species |
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Artificial selection is the process of what? |
It is the process of selecting and breeding individuals with desirable traits |
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The difference between artificial selection and natural selection is what? |
In artificial selection, humans select the traits whereas in natural selection, the environment choses |
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The difference between artificial selection and natural selection is what? |
In artificial selection, humans select the traits whereas in natural selection, the environment choses |
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Biotechnology is the use of _______ ______ to make agricultural, industrial, or medicinal products |
Biotechnology is the use of Living Things to make agricultural, industrial, or medicinal products |
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In-situ conservation refers to? |
The maintenance or populations of wild organisms in their functioning ecosystems. Banff national park is a good example because it is a protected area |
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What order does the classification pyramid go in? |
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species |
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What does symbiosis mean? |
Sym means together, Bios means life |
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What are the types of symbiosis? |
Commensalism, mutualism, parasitism |
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What is commensalism? |
One organism benefits, one is not harmed not benefits Ex. Birds nesting in a tree |
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What is mutualism? |
When both organisms benefit Ex. Bees pollinating flowers |
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What is parasitism? |
One organism benefits, one is harmed Ex. Dog and a flee |
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Ex-situ conservation refers to the conservation of..? |
Conservation of biological diversity outside a natural habitat |
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Genetic engineering is any technology that directly alters what? |
DNA |
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What is a clone? |
A genetically identical copy of an organism |
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What is the difference between biotic and abiotic |
Biotic refers to living organisms (animals, plants) whereas abiotic refers to non-living things in the environment (rocks, water) |
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Biological diversity refers to what? |
The number and different types of organisms on Earth |
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Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who developed what? |
Aristotle developed the first classification system, and divided all organisms into 2 groups (non-motile - plants // motile - animals) |
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Who was Carlos Linneaus |
He developed a classification system |
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First word indicates _______ Second word indicates ______ |
1st word - Genus 2nd word - Species |
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How many kingdom classification systems are there and what are they? |
5 kingdoms; Animalia (animals), plantae (plants), fungi (yeast, mould, mushrooms), protista (single-celled organisms), and Monera (bacteria) |
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What is a niche? |
A niche is a biological role of a species |
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What is a niche? |
A niche is a biological role of a species |
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Inter species competition is happens when? |
It happens when two or more species need the same resources |
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Resource partitioning is? |
When similar species can co-exist in an area if they exist in a slightly different niche |
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What did the Ancient Egyptians use the device called a Merkhet for? |
They used a merkhet to chart astronomical positions and predict movement of stars |
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The Egyptains also designed a tool called a _____ to measure the stars height above the horizon |
Quadrant |
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Arabian astronomers used the ______ for centuries to make accurate charts of star positions |
Astrolabe |
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Arabian astronomers used the ______ for centuries to make accurate charts of star positions |
Astrolabe |
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Galileo invented ______ |
The telescope |
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Arabian astronomers used the ______ for centuries to make accurate charts of star positions |
Astrolabe |
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Galileo invented ______ |
The telescope |
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Space probes contain ...? |
Instruments for robotic exploration |
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Arabian astronomers used the ______ for centuries to make accurate charts of star positions |
Astrolabe |
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Galileo invented ______ |
The telescope |
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Space probes contain ...? |
Instruments for robotic exploration |
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Shuttles transport personnel and equipment for ________ _________ |
Orbiting Spacecraft |
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Arabian astronomers used the ______ for centuries to make accurate charts of star positions |
Astrolabe |
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Galileo invented ______ |
The telescope |
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Space probes contain ...? |
Instruments for robotic exploration |
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Shuttles transport personnel and equipment for ________ _________ |
Orbiting Spacecraft |
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_______ ________are orbiting spacecrafts that have living quarter, work areas, and all the support systems for people to live and work in space for a long period of time |
Space stations |
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Arabian astronomers used the ______ for centuries to make accurate charts of star positions |
Astrolabe |
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Galileo invented ______ |
The telescope |
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Space probes contain ...? |
Instruments for robotic exploration |
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Shuttles transport personnel and equipment for ________ _________ |
Orbiting Spacecraft |
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_______ ________are orbiting spacecrafts that have living quarter, work areas, and all the support systems for people to live and work in space for a long period of time |
Space stations |
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Natural satellites are ...? |
Any small body that orbits a larger body |
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Arabian astronomers used the ______ for centuries to make accurate charts of star positions |
Astrolabe |
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Galileo invented ______ |
The telescope |
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Space probes contain ...? |
Instruments for robotic exploration |
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Shuttles transport personnel and equipment for ________ _________ |
Orbiting Spacecraft |
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_______ ________are orbiting spacecrafts that have living quarter, work areas, and all the support systems for people to live and work in space for a long period of time |
Space stations |
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Natural satellites are ...? |
Any small body that orbits a larger body |
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What does GPS mean? |
Global Positioning System. This technology gives people their location on the ground at any given time. |
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Arabian astronomers used the ______ for centuries to make accurate charts of star positions |
Astrolabe |
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Galileo invented ______ |
The telescope |
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Space probes contain ...? |
Instruments for robotic exploration |
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Shuttles transport personnel and equipment for ________ _________ |
Orbiting Spacecraft |
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_______ ________are orbiting spacecrafts that have living quarter, work areas, and all the support systems for people to live and work in space for a long period of time |
Space stations |
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Natural satellites are ...? |
Any small body that orbits a larger body |
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What does GPS mean? |
Global Positioning System. This technology gives people their location on the ground at any given time. |
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What’s the difference between heliocentric and geocentric? |
Heliocentric - the belief that the sun is the centre and other planets orbit the sun Geocentric - the belief that the Earth was the centre and the plants and the sun orbit the earth |
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Arabian astronomers used the ______ for centuries to make accurate charts of star positions |
Astrolabe |
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Galileo invented ______ |
The telescope |
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Space probes contain ...? |
Instruments for robotic exploration |
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Shuttles transport personnel and equipment for ________ _________ |
Orbiting Spacecraft |
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_______ ________are orbiting spacecrafts that have living quarter, work areas, and all the support systems for people to live and work in space for a long period of time |
Space stations |
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Natural satellites are ...? |
Any small body that orbits a larger body |
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What does GPS mean? |
Global Positioning System. This technology gives people their location on the ground at any given time. |
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What’s the difference between heliocentric and geocentric? |
Heliocentric - the belief that the sun is the centre and other planets orbit the sun Geocentric - the belief that the Earth was the centre and the plants and the sun orbit the earth |
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Equinox means what? |
The equinox marks the period where the daylight hours and night time are equal in length March 21st & September 23rd are the equinox days |
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Aristotle proposed what? |
He proposed a geocentric model to explain that earth was at the centre Geocentric model |
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What are the four common forms of energy? |
Chemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal |
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Difference between direct current and alternating current? |
Direct current electricity flows in one direction where as alternating current electricity flows back and forth |
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Mechanical work and electricity produce _____ |
Heat |
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Power is the _____ at which a device _____ _______ |
Power is the rate at which a device converts energy |
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Power ratings in devices can be used to determine the _______ ___ _________ the device used |
Power ratings in devices can be used to determine the amount of energy the device used |
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What is the law of conservation of energy? |
It is a fundamental principle. “Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only be transformed from one form to another” |
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Electrical energy is the energy of ______ ________ |
Electrical energy is the energy of charged particles |
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Mechanical energy is both _____ energy and _____ energy |
Mechanical energy is both kinetic energy and potential energy |
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What is thermal energy? |
Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance |
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Most of _____ energy is lost as heat |
Most of thermal energy is lost as heat |
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Nicholas Copernicus proposed what? |
He proposed a model where the sun was at the centre Known as the heliocentric model |
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What is a thermocouple? |
A thermocouple is a temp. sensor at the junction between two different metals |
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A thermocouple converts ______ energy to _______ energy |
A thermocouple converts thermal energy to electrical energy |
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_________________found a compass needle can be affected if passed by a current-carrying wire |
Hans Christian Oerstead |
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______ built a device that used electromagnetic forces |
Michael Faraday built a device that used electromagnetic forces |
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High voltage is _____ dangerous than low voltage |
High voltage is more dangerous than low voltage |
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Small voltages can kill if the shock carries a ___________ |
Small voltages can kill if the shock carries a significant amount of amps |
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True or False: The number of amps is less important than voltage when assessing potential danger |
False: The number of amps is MORE important than voltage when assessing potential danger |
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True or false: Electrical currents are steady, flows of charged particles |
True |
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In a conductor, electrons are more _____ _____ so they can ____ _____ from the nuclei |
In a conductor, electrons are more loosely bound so they can move away from the nuclei |
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Resistance is measured in ____ |
Resistance is measured in ohms |
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What is a solstice? |
Marks the longest period and shortest period of daylight in a year June 21st & December 21st |
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What does current look at? |
How quickly an electrical charge is able to move. Measured in amps |
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What does voltage look at? |
How much charge is carried in the electrical current. Measured in volts |
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What’s resistance? |
A measure of how difficult it is for electrons to transfer. Measured in ohms |
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What’s Ohms law? |
Ohms law states that as long as temperature remains the same, resistance of a conductor stays the same, current is directly proportional to the voltage is applied |
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What are parallel circuits? |
These types of circuits have separate current paths for each section of the circuit |
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Which 4 factors can affect the rate of a chemical reaction? |
- presence of a catalyst - temp. of reactants - surface area of reactants -concentration of reactions |
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What does the law of conservation of mass state? |
It states that “the total mass of the products produced in a reaction is the same as the total mass of the reactants” |
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Micronutrients are needed in _______ or _____ amounts |
Micronutrients are needed in minor or trace amounts |
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4 important classes of organic matter synthesized by plants and animals include: |
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
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What is diffusion? |
The movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration |
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Johannes Kepler proposed a model that ... |
Planetary motion could be predicted. Orbits were in ellipses, not circles. |
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What is osmosis? |
Water moving from areas with lots of water molecules to areas with lower water molecules |
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What is hydrolysis? |
The breaking down of a substance by water |
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What is cellular respiration? |
The process of converting chemical energy to useable energy |
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What is photosynthesis? |
The process of converting solar energy into chemical energy |
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What’s nitrogen fixation? |
The process of changing free nitrogen so that the nitrogen atoms can combine with other elements to form compounds that organisms can use |
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What is biomagnification? |
An increase in concentration of a chemical or element as it moves up the food chain |
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What is a white dwarf? |
A small sun-like star that is no larger than earth |
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What is a black dwarf? |
A cold, dark star that doesn’t radiate heat or light. No larger than earth |
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What are two ways of measuring distances indirectly? |
Triangulation & parallax |
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What is an Azimuth? |
A compass that travels clockwise and is measured in degrees. |
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What’s altitude? |
A measurement showing how high something in the sky is |
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What’s a Zenith? |
A zenith refers to the highest point directly overhead |
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Aristotle proposed what? |
He proposed a geocentric model to explain that earth was at the centre Geocentric model |
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What are the four common forms of energy? |
Chemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal |
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Difference between direct current and alternating current? |
Direct current electricity flows in one direction where as alternating current electricity flows back and forth |
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Mechanical work and electricity produce _____ |
Heat |
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Power is the _____ at which a device _____ _______ |
Power is the rate at which a device converts energy |
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Power ratings in devices can be used to determine the _______ ___ _________ the device used |
Power ratings in devices can be used to determine the amount of energy the device used |
|
|
What is the law of conservation of energy? |
It is a fundamental principle. “Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only be transformed from one form to another” |
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Electrical energy is the energy of ______ ________ |
Electrical energy is the energy of charged particles |
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Mechanical energy is both _____ energy and _____ energy |
Mechanical energy is both kinetic energy and potential energy |
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What is thermal energy? |
Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance |
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Most of _____ energy is lost as heat |
Most of thermal energy is lost as heat |
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Nicholas Copernicus proposed what? |
He proposed a model where the sun was at the centre Known as the heliocentric model |
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|
What is a thermocouple? |
A thermocouple is a temp. sensor at the junction between two different metals |
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A thermocouple converts ______ energy to _______ energy |
A thermocouple converts thermal energy to electrical energy |
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_________________found a compass needle can be affected if passed by a current-carrying wire |
Hans Christian Oerstead |
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______ built a device that used electromagnetic forces |
Michael Faraday built a device that used electromagnetic forces |
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High voltage is _____ dangerous than low voltage |
High voltage is more dangerous than low voltage |
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Small voltages can kill if the shock carries a ___________ |
Small voltages can kill if the shock carries a significant amount of amps |
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True or False: The number of amps is less important than voltage when assessing potential danger |
False: The number of amps is MORE important than voltage when assessing potential danger |
|
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True or false: Electrical currents are steady, flows of charged particles |
True |
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In a conductor, electrons are more _____ _____ so they can ____ _____ from the nuclei |
In a conductor, electrons are more loosely bound so they can move away from the nuclei |
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Resistance is measured in ____ |
Resistance is measured in ohms |
|
|
What is a solstice? |
Marks the longest period and shortest period of daylight in a year June 21st & December 21st |
|
|
What does current look at? |
How quickly an electrical charge is able to move. Measured in amps |
|
|
What does voltage look at? |
How much charge is carried in the electrical current. Measured in volts |
|
|
What’s resistance? |
A measure of how difficult it is for electrons to transfer. Measured in ohms |
|
|
What’s Ohms law? |
Ohms law states that as long as temperature remains the same, resistance of a conductor stays the same, current is directly proportional to the voltage is applied |
|
|
What are parallel circuits? |
These types of circuits have separate current paths for each section of the circuit |
|
|
Which 4 factors can affect the rate of a chemical reaction? |
- presence of a catalyst - temp. of reactants - surface area of reactants -concentration of reactions |
|
|
What does the law of conservation of mass state? |
It states that “the total mass of the products produced in a reaction is the same as the total mass of the reactants” |
|
|
Micronutrients are needed in _______ or _____ amounts |
Micronutrients are needed in minor or trace amounts |
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4 important classes of organic matter synthesized by plants and animals include: |
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids |
|
|
What is diffusion? |
The movement of molecules from areas of high concentration to low concentration |
|
|
Johannes Kepler proposed a model that ... |
Planetary motion could be predicted. Orbits were in ellipses, not circles. |
|
|
What is osmosis? |
Water moving from areas with lots of water molecules to areas with lower water molecules |
|
|
What is hydrolysis? |
The breaking down of a substance by water |
|
|
What is cellular respiration? |
The process of converting chemical energy to useable energy |
|
|
What is photosynthesis? |
The process of converting solar energy into chemical energy |
|
|
What’s nitrogen fixation? |
The process of changing free nitrogen so that the nitrogen atoms can combine with other elements to form compounds that organisms can use |
|
|
What is biomagnification? |
An increase in concentration of a chemical or element as it moves up the food chain |
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What is an Ionic compound? |
Ionic compounds consist of a metal and a non-metal |
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What are the two rules to naming Ionic compounds? |
1. The chemical name of the metal, or positive ion goes first 2. The name of the non-metal which come second, changes it’s ending to -ide |
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What is a molecular compound? |
When two non-metals combine |
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What are the 3 rules to naming a molecular compound? |
1. The 1st element in the compound uses the elements name 2. The 2nd element in the compound has the suffix -ide at the end 3. When there is more than one atom in the formula, a prefix is which which specifies the number of atoms |
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What is a white dwarf? |
A small sun-like star that is no larger than earth |
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What’s sublimation? |
Solid to a gas |
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What’s deposition? |
Gas to a solid |
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What is evaporation? |
Liquid to gas |
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Condensation is? |
Gas to liquid |
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Solidification/freezing is? |
Liquid to solid |
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Melting or liquefaction is? |
Solid to liquid |
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What did John Dalton do? |
Billiard ball model; put forth the theory on the composition of matter |
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What did JJ Thompson do? |
Proposed the “raisin bun model”; He discover the electron. |
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What did Ernest Rutherford do? |
He discovered the nucleus |
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What did Neil’s Bohr do? |
He suggested that electrons didn’t randomly orbit in the atom |
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What is a black dwarf? |
A cold, dark star that doesn’t radiate heat or light. No larger than earth |
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What did James Chadwick do? |
He said that the nucleus contained positively charged particles called protons and negatively charged particles called neutrons |
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Jon’s Jacob Berzelius modifies what system doing what in 1814? |
The periodic table changing the pictures to capital letters |
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What are two ways of measuring distances indirectly? |
Triangulation & parallax |
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What is an Azimuth? |
A compass that travels clockwise and is measured in degrees. |
|
|
What’s altitude? |
A measurement showing how high something in the sky is |
|
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What’s a Zenith? |
A zenith refers to the highest point directly overhead |
