Science Study Guide

Front 1

heredity

Back 1

the passing on of physical or mental characteristics genetically from one generation to another.

Front 2

punnet square

Back 2

The Punnett square is a visual that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross of an offspring

Front 3

genes

Back 3

transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring

Front 4

sex linked trait

Back 4

A trait associated with a gene that is carried only by the male or female parent

Front 5

chromosome

Back 5

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus.

Front 6

pedigree

Back 6

the visual record of descent of a generation.

Front 7

dna

Back 7

carries the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms

Front 8

prokaryote

Back 8

single-celled organism that has neither a distinct nucleus with a membrane nor other specialized organelles

Front 9

traits

Back 9

quality or characteristic

Front 10

eukaryote

Back 10

any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes

Front 11

allele

Back 11

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

Front 12

asexual reproduction

Back 12

Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism

Front 13

genotype

Back 13

the genetic constitution of an individual organism.

Front 14

mitosis

Back 14

Mitosis is nuclear cell division

Front 15

phenotype

Back 15

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Front 16

binary fission

Back 16

a kind of asexual reproduction

Front 17

homozygous

Back 17

Alternative forms of a given gene are called alleles, and they can be dominant or recessive

Front 18

budding

Back 18

Budding is a form of asexual reproduction in which a new organism develops

Front 19

heterozygous

Back 19

a pair of genes where one is dominant and one is recessive

Front 20

sexual reproduction

Back 20

production of new living organisms by combining genetic information from two individuals

Front 21

dominant trait

Back 21

A dominant trait is opposed to a recessive trait which is expressed only when two copies of the gene are present

Front 22

meiosis

Back 22

Meiosis is the process whereby chromosomes are copied, paired up and separated to create eggs or sperm.

Front 23

recessive trait

Back 23

Recessive traits can be carried in a person's genes without appearing in that person

Front 24

mutation

Back 24

the changing of the structure of a gene