Science Study Cards Yearly Exam

Front 1

Atomic number

Back 1

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Front 2

Electrons

Back 2

negatively charged particles found in atoms

Front 3

Protons

Back 3

positively charged particle found in atoms

Front 4

Metalliods

Back 4

elements with properties between those of metals and non-metals

Front 5

History of the periodic table

Back 5

- Democritus 460-370BC

- Antoine Lavoisier 1743-1799

- John Dalton 1766-1849

- Joseph John Thompson 1856-1940

- Ernest Rutherford 1871-1937

- Niels Bohr

Front 6

Metalloids

Back 6

elements with properties between those of metals and those of non-metals (e.g. silicon and arsenic)

Front 7

Optical fibres

Back 7

thin strand of glass of plastic that carries information as a light signal

Front 8

Frequency

Back 8

the number of waves that pass through a certain point in one second, measured in Hertz (Hz)

Front 9

Dimitri Mendeleev

Back 9

- 1834-1907

- Came up with 63 elements

- wrote the names and properties of the element on cards and arranged them in order of atomic weight

Front 10

Convection

Back 10

transfer of thermal energy in a liquid or gas involving the movement of the material

Front 11

Nuclear radiation

Back 11

- 3 forms - Alpha, Beta, and gamma

- neutrons in the nucleus

Front 12

Graphing

Back 12

5 marks

- 1 for heading

- 1 for scale

- 1 for line of best fit

- 1 for units of measurement
- 1 for axis labels

Front 13

Variables

Back 13

2 types

- Independent - what you change

- dependent - measurement

Also:

- controls anything that you keep to make it a fair test

Front 14

Radiation

Back 14

Emission of energy from the nucleus of an atom as either particles or waves

Front 15

Refraction

Back 15

process where light slows down in different materials

Front 16

lenses

Back 16

A curved piece of transparent material such as glass or plastic

Front 17

Radioactive decay

Back 17

when the ratio of neutrons to protons becomes to high, the nucleus is unstable and it decays or changes into another isotope. it causes an emission of radiation

Front 18

Atomic mass

Back 18

the weight of an atom

- mostly made up of neutrons and protons

- electrons weight very little

Front 19

Molecules

Back 19

atoms joined together e.g. O + O = O2

Front 20

Electron configuration

Back 20

arrangement of electrons in an atom in energy levels with a specific number of electrons

Front 21

Covalent Bonding

Back 21

bonding formed when two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons

Front 22

Ionic Bonding

Back 22

bonding formed between positively and negatively charged ions

Front 23

Sound Waves

Back 23

- travels as a longitudinal wave

- travel as compression and rarefaction

- needs a medium to travel through

Front 24

Light

Back 24

- transverse waves

- up and down

- does not need a medium to travel through

- moves like a slinky spring

Front 25

Electromagnetic Spectrum

Back 25

The electromagnetic (EM) spectrum is the range of all types of EM radiation.

Front 26

How is radiation used in medical?

Back 26

- X-rays

- diagnosing conditions

- Treating Cancer

Front 27

Alpha Particles

Back 27

- positively-charged particle emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom; identical to a helium nucleus - 2 protons, 2 neutrons

- paper can stop alpha particles

Front 28

Beta Particles

Back 28

- negatively-charged particles emitted from the nucleus of a radioactive atom; identical to an electron

- light metals stop beta particles

Front 29

Gamma Particles

Back 29

- high-frequency electromagnetic radiation similar to X-rays but of shorter wavelength

- Lead stops gamma rays

Front 30

Microwave uses

Back 30

- cooking food

- Mobile phones, this that they don't have to be very big

- speed cameras and radars

Front 31

Wave Formula

Back 31

v = f x y

V = speed of waves (m/s)

F = frequency of the wave (Hz)

Y = wavelength (m)

Front 32

Radioisotopes

Back 32

different form of the atoms of an element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Front 33

Atoms

Back 33

smallest particle of matter that cannot be created, destroyed or broken down (invisible)

Front 34

Neutrons

Back 34

neutral particles found in the nucleus' of atoms

Front 35

Valence shell

Back 35

the outer most shell of an atom

Front 36

Metals

Back 36

Class of chemical elements with similar properties:

- lustrous (shiny)

- good conductors of heat and electricity

- malleable

- ductile

Front 37

Non-metals

Back 37

elements that do not show the properties common to all metals

Front 38

Wavelength

Back 38

length between the same point on a repeating wave

Front 39

Conduction

Back 39

transfer of thermal energy involving a direct contact with no movement of material

Front 40

Heat energy

Back 40

energy produced by heat

Front 41

Types of waves

Back 41

- Transverse - light

- Longitudinal - sound

Front 42

reflection

Back 42

light bounced off a surface

Front 43

Concave Lens

Back 43

- lens that is thinner in the centre than at the edges

- cause light rays passing through to diverge (move apart)

Front 44

Convex Lens

Back 44

- lens that is thicker in the centre than at the edges

- causes light rays passing through to converge (move together)

Front 45

Half-Life

Back 45

- time taken for half of the radioactive nuclei in a sample to decay

- time taken for the radioactivity of a sample to drop to half of what it was