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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a physical change?
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a change in form or appearance, without changing composition.
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What is a solution?
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a type of homogeneous mixture formed when 1 substance dissolves in another.
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What is a homogeneous mixture?
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a mixture that appears to be the same throughout. They have small particles, not easily recognized.
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What is a heterogeneous mixture?
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a mixture that doesn't appear to be the same throughout. They have large particles.
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What is a colloid?
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same as homogeneous, except with large particles and permanently suspended.
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What are alloys?
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metal solutions (solid in solid).
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What is solubility?
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amount of a solute that can be completely dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature.
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What is a solvent?
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a dissolving medium.
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What is a solute?
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dissolved material.
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What is an electrolyte?
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a material whose water solution conducts electricity.
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What is a non-electrolyte?
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a material whose water solution doesn't conduct electricity.
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What is suspension?
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a mixture formed by mixing a liquid with particles that are much larger than ions/molecules.
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What is miscible?
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2 liquids that are soluble in each other.
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What is immiscible?
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liquids that are insoluble in each other.
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What is emulsion?
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when shaken together, liquids can form a temporary mixture.
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What is an emulsifier?
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a special substance added to liquids in an emulsion to make it last longer.
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What are diatomic molecules?
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molecules made up of 2 atoms of the same element.
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What are reactants?
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materials that you begin with in a chemical reaction.
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What are products?
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the resulting substances of a chemical reaction.
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What is a coefficient?
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a number used before a substance to represent the number of each atom - balances and equation.
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What is synthesis?
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the process in which 2 simple materials combine to form a more complex compound.
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What is a chemical equation?
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shorthand that represents a chemical process that's know to occur. Tells types of molecules/atoms, and their numbers.
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What is a chemical change?
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process in which atoms are rearranged or exchanged between 2 compounds.
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What is endothermic?
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a process in which heat is taken in from the surroundings (H2O).
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What is exothermic?
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a process in which heat is released to the surroundings (H2O).
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What is heat of solution?
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amount of heat associated with the dissolving of 1 mole of a solid.
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What is a saturated solution?
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a solution at equilibrium (liquid has dissolved as much as possible.)
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What is solution equilibrium?
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physical state in which the opposite processes of dissolving and crystalization occur at the same rate.
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What is non-aqueous?
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all other liquids but H2O.
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What is aqueous?
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water.
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What is heat of reaction?
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the amount of heat associated with the chemical reaction of 1 mole of a reactant.
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What is heat of formation?
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the amount of heat associated with the formation of 1 mole of a compound from its elements (synthesis).
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What is heat of combustion?
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the amount of heat associated with the burning of 1 mole of a fuel.
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What is the Law of Conservation of Energy?
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during chemical and physical processes, energy is neither created nor destroyed. It is stored or released.
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What is oxidation?
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any process in which a material combines chemically with oxygen. ALL ARE EXOTHERMIC!
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What is Stoichiometry?
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the study of mass relationships in chemical processes.
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What is the Law of Conservation of Mass/Matter?
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during chemical and physical processes, matter is neither created nor destroyed.
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What is decomposition?
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1 complex compound breaks to form 2 simpler materials.
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What is single-displacement?
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an element and a compound react to form a different element and different compound.
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What is double-displacement?
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2 compounds react to form 2 different compounds.
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What is electrolysis?
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decomposition by electricity.
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What are combustion reactions?
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reactions in which a compound and oxygen burn.
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What does concentrated mean?
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lots of dissolved solute.
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What does dilute mean?
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very little dissolved solute.
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