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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 big groups of rocks?
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Metamorphic, sedimentary and igneous
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igneous rocks form from what 2 things
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Magma and lava
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what is formed onto the earths surface of lava
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Extrusive rocks
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what is an example of extrusive rock?
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Basalt
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What type of rock is formed when magma hardened beneath the surface?
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Intrusive rock?
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what is the most common intrusive rock?
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granite
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What does igneous rocks lack?
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crystal structure
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What type of rock is small, solid pieces of material come from rocks or living things?
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sediments
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how are sedimentary rocks formed?
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Through a sequence of processes: weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction& cementation
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What is weathering?
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the effect of freezing& thawing, plant roots, acid & other forces on rocks.
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Erosion is?
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the process by which running water, wind or ice carry away bits of broken up rocks
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deposition is?
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the process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it.
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the process that pressed sediments together is?
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compaction
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What is the process called in which dissolved minerals crystalize and glue particles of sediments together?
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cementation
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What are the 3 major groups of sedimentary rocks?
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clastic, organic and chemical
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clastic rocks-
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formed when rock fragments are squeezed together
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what is an example of a clastic rock?
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shale, sandstone, conglomerate, breccia
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organic rocks-
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formed when the remains of plants and animals are deposited in layers
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example of an organic rock
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coal, limestones
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chemical rocks
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forms when minerals dissolve in a water solution & crystallize.
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how does a rock change when great heat and pressure are applied?
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changes shape and composition
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any rock that forms from another rock as a result of changes in heat or pressure (or both) is a?
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metamorphic rock
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How do geologists classify metamorphic rocks?
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according to the arrangement of the grains making up the rocks
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metamorphic rocks that have their grains arranged in either parallel layers or bands are said to be?
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foliated
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what does foliated describe
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the thin, flat layering found in most metamorphic rocks.
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example of foliated rocks:
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gneiss forms from granite and slate forms from shale
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what does it mean if a metamorphic rock is called nonfoliated?
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the mineral grains in these rocks are arranged randomly
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an example of nonfoliated metamorphic rock is?
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marble and quartzite
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THE ROCK CYCLE
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV |
THE ROCK CYCLE
VVVVVVVVVVVVVV |
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forces deep inside earth & at the surface produce a slow cycle that builds, destroys and changes rocks in the?
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crust
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the rock cycle is a series of processes that occur on earths surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly change rocks from one kind to another
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.
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the rock cycle has no?
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beginning or end it is an endless cycle
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what 2 things wear away and more pidces of a rock?
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weathering and erosion
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