Science Revision Term 1

Front 1

Mutualism

Back 1

Both organisms benefit from eachother

Front 2

Predation

Back 2

One organism preys on another. Only the predator benefits.
E.g. Bird eats fish

Front 3

Parasitism

Back 3

One organism benefits and the other is uncomfortable.
E.g. Nit gets a home on the humans head - human is peed off.

Front 4

Habitat

Back 4

Where an organism lives - it is a PLACE

Front 5

Symbiosis

Back 5

A close relationship between an organism (dependent)

Front 6

Abiotic Factors

Back 6

Physical NON-LIVING things that affect an organisms survival!
E.g. Amount of water, temperature, humidity, amount of minerals, sunlight, salinity

Front 7

Biotic Factors

Back 7

Physical LIVING things that affects an organisms survival!
E.g. predators, prey, disease causing bacteria, parasites and relationships.

Front 8

Ectothermic

Back 8

Animals that obtain body heat from OUTSIDE their body - rely on the sun for warmth
E.g. lizards (cold blooded animal)

Front 9

Endothermic

Back 9

Animals that can obtain their heat internally
E.g. Humans (warm blooded animal)

Front 10

3 types of adaptations

Back 10

STRUCTURAL
- physical features (camouflage, spines, wings etc.)

BEHAVIORAL
-Actions (hibernation, migration, hunting etc.)

FUNCTIONAL
-How the body works - its PHYSIOLOGY (endothermic or ectothermic)

Front 11

Ecosystem

Back 11

An ecosystem (living and non-living) is a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Front 12

2 things that an ecosystem needs to function

Back 12

ENERGY INPUT
- usually from the sun

A WAY OF RECYCLING MATTER
-atoms, nutrients etc.

Front 13

Producers

Back 13

Organisms that are at the start of the food chain
- get their energy from the sun via PHOTOSYNTHESIS
- most producers are green plants

Front 14

Consumers

Back 14

These organisms eat other for their energy

FIRST ORDER eat PRODUCERS
SECOND ORDER eat FIRST ORDER
so on...

Front 15

Food webs

Back 15

Systems of food chains linked together

Front 16

Decomposers

Back 16

They are organisms like bacteria and fungi that break down and recycle waste and organisms

Front 17

Why is Photosynthesis important?

Back 17

Photosynthesis is carried out by producers such as plants. Its vital for ecosystems because it is how energy and nutrients enter food chains in ecosystems.

Front 18

Biodiversity

Back 18

Biodiversity is a range of different species in an ecosystem. It is important because it is less likely to suffer from environmental disruption.

Front 19

Biomass

Back 19

The collective mass of all organisms at some level of a food chain

Front 20

Components of an ecosystem

Back 20

Abiotic Factors
Biotic Factors
Relationships

Front 21

What are feral animals?

Back 21

Animals that are brought in from overseas and ruin our natural environment

Front 22

2 main ways your body coordinates and controls

Back 22

NERVOUS CONTROL
-using brain and nerves

HORMONAL CONTROL
-using the brain and nerves

Front 23

2 parts of the nervous system

Back 23

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
-consists of the brain and spinal cord

THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
-all nerves and receptors that carry messages to and from the CNS

Front 24

What makes up the nervous system?

Back 24

Nerve cells called NEURONES

Front 25

3 types of neurones

Back 25

SENSORY NEURONS
-Carry signals from sensory receptors to CNS

MOTOR NEURONS
- carry signals from the CNS to effectors (structures that can carry out an action)

INTER-NEURONS
-connectors and form networks
-found in spinal cords and brain

Front 26

Peripheral Nervous System
2 parts

Back 26

Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic Nervous System

Front 27

Somatic Nervous System

Back 27

The Somatic Nervous System's sensory organs are RECEPTORS - special organs or tissues that have nerve endings that detect changes in the environment

Front 28

Pupil

Back 28

The pupil is an opening that allows light to pass through the lens and into the eye.

Front 29

What are the 2 types of receptors in the retina?

Back 29

Rods and Cones

Front 30

Sympathetic nervous system

Back 30

Speeds up the function of the body and makes it more efficient. It is the system that prepares your body for emergencies by making you more alert and preparing your body to act (flight or fight)

Front 31

Parasympathetic nervous system

Back 31

The Parasympathetic nervous system slows everything down. It is the system in control when you are resting

Front 32

What does the SNS do in order to prepare you for intense activity?

Back 32

Diverts blood away from areas that will not be used in the action and then diverts blood to areas that will be needed - muscles etc.

Front 33

Homeostasis

Back 33

The process in which the body maintains a constant internal environment

Front 34

What are glands?

Back 34

Glands are structures that produce chemical messengers called HORMONES

Front 35

What are hormones?

Back 35

Hormones are designed to send messages to specific areas of the body where there are target cells. Hormones are released by glands into the blood stream, they can then travel over the body.

Front 36

What is the endocrine system?

Back 36

The endocrine system consists of glands. The endocrine system gets it instructions from the brain via the hypothalamus at the base of the brain.

Front 37

Hypothalamus

Back 37

The hypothalamus tells a master gland called the pituitary gland to send hormones out to control all the other glands in the body

Front 38

Pituitary Gland

Back 38

the pituitary gland is connected to the brain via the and the hypothalamus. It sends messages to the other glands and produces human growth hormones (HGH) and regulates growth

Front 39

Thyroid Gland

Back 39

Thyroid Gland is located in the throat and also helps to regulate growth

Front 40

Pancreas

Back 40

The Pancreas is located in the abdomen between stomach and duodenum and it produces insulin and glucagon. Senses glucose levels,

Front 41

Insulin

Back 41

Insulin instructs the liver to take glucose out of the blood if glucose levels get too high - the pancreas senses this

Front 42

Glucagon

Back 42

Glucagon instructs the liver to release glucose into the blood stream if glucose levels get too low

Front 43

Adrenal Glands

Back 43

Releases adrenaline from the gland if the body is under stress or fright. This instructs your heart to pump faster and causes your lungs to breathe more and causes lots of blood to go to muscles

Front 44

Testes and Ovaries

Back 44

Produce sex hormones and regulates the reproductive hormones.

Front 45

Metabolism

Back 45

The chemical reactions in the body collectively.

Front 46

Water balance is controlled by 3 things

Back 46

Pituitary Gland
Kidneys
Hypothalamus

Front 47

Kidneys

Back 47

Retain or remove water from the blood and excrete it via urine.

Front 48

What does high ADH levels mean?

Back 48

High ADH levels tell the kidneys to keep lots of water - results in urine being dark yellow & concentrated

Front 49

What does low ADH levels mean?

Back 49

Low ADH levels tell the kidneys to excrete lots of water - results in urine being watery & diluted