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4 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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structure of a leaf |
epidermis - thin and transparent - allows more light to reach the palisade cells cuticle - thin and made of wax - protects the leaf wihout blocking the light palicide - cell layer at top of leaf - absorbs more light spongy layer - air spaces - allows carbon dioxide to diffuse through the leaf and decrease the surface are palisade cells - contain many chloroplasts - absorbs all the avaiable light (the internal structure of a leaf is also adapted to promote efficient photosynthesis) |
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diffusion |
- dissolved substances have to pass through the cell membrane to get into or out of a cell - diffusion is one of the processes that allows this to happen - diffusion occurs when particles spread - they move from a region where they are in high concentration to a region where they have low concentration - it happens when the particles are free to move - particles diffuse down a concentration gradient, from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This is how the smell of cooking travels around the house from the kitchen. |
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structure of a yeast cell |
- yeast is a single-celled organism. - Like bacterial cells, yeast cells have cytoplasm and a membrane surrounded by a cell wall. - unlike bacterial cells, yeast cells have a nucleus. |
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anaerobic respiration |
- Not enough oxygen may reach the muscles during exercise. When this happens they use anaerobic respiration to obtain energy. - Anaerobic respiration involves the incomplete breakdown of glucose. - It releases around 5% of the energy released by aerobic respiration, per molecule of glucose. The waste product is lactic acid rather than carbon dioxide and water: glucose → lactic acid (+ little energy) |
