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72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In what period of life is our sun
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The forces within it are balanced
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Define Giant
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A very large, bright, star whose hot core has used most of its hydrogen
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Luminosity
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The Brightness of a star
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Galaxy
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A collection of billions of starts. There are billions of these collections in the universe
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Light Year
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A unit of astronomical distance equivalent to the distance that light travels in one year ( roughly 6 million miles )
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Energy is released in stars by ?
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Nuclear Fusion
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White Dwarf
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A small, hot , dim star that is the leftover core of an old star
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How is a star different to a planet
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Planer:
1) Is in orbit around the sun 2) HAS sufficient mass to assume nearly round shape 3) has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit |
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Explain what the conditions need to be for a star to remain stable
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Hydro-static Equilibrium:
A stable star has the inward pull of gravity balanced by the pressure of energy from the nuclear fusion reaction |
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Nebula
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A large cloud of dust and gas that can break apart into smaller pieces and form stars
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Astronomical Unit
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A unit of measurement equal to 149.6 million km , the mean distance from the centre of the earth to the centre of the sun
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Human impact on the lithosphere
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Clearing land which could cause excessive erosion
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Human impact on the atmosphere
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Carbon Dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels, contribute to the, 'green house effect' by trapping heat energy
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Human impact on the Hydrosphere
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Discharge of radioactive substances, toxic chemicals and other industrial waste
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Human Impact on the biosphere
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Hunting causes extinction of some animal species and population growth has resulted in deforestation.
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Carbon Stores
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A carbon store can either be a long term or short term , it is a place where carbon is stored and accumulated. eg. Long term store is the atmosphere and an eg. short term could be a living organism
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White Dwarf
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A small, dim , hot star that has leftover centre of an old star
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Nebula
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A large cloud of dust and gases that can break apart into smaller pieces and form stars
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Eutrophication
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excessive richness of nutrient in a lake or other body of water, frequently due to run off from the land , which causes a dense growth of plant life
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Define Infiltration
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Movement of water from air into the soil . Flows out of the atmosphere and flows into the lithosphere
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Supernova
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Brilliant burst of light that follows the collapse of the iron core and explosion of a massive star
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Define Stream Flow
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Water that is moving through the natural channels - steams and rivers . Flows out of the Hydrosphere and into the Hydrosphere
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Define Transpiration
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Water Vapour moving from leaves into the air . Flows out of The biosphere and into the atmosphere
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Define Condensation
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Water vapour cooling to form liquid . Flows out of the atmosphere and into the hydrosphere
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Convection currents
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As Warm air rises, it expands and becomes cooler and condenses. This causes rain
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How do the sphere of the earth interact
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They interact in a way that if something happens it can affect all of them .eg. a forest fire, the fire itself affects the trees and animals (biosphere ) and pollutes the air (Atmosphere) the lack of trees and plants increases the possibility of erosion ( lithosphere) and the erosion can cause pollution in the water ( hydrosphere )
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Climate Definition
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Climate is how the atmosphere 'behaves' over relatively long periods of time or the average weather for a particular region usually taken over 30 days
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Hydrostatic Equilibrium
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A state in which a star is at complete balance. Star fusion pressure out , gravity pulling in , trying to collapse it
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Greenhouse Effect
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The trapping of the suns warmth in a planets lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planets surface
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What are the main causes of GHG's
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Methane,
Carbon Dioxide Water Vapour |
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After a star becomes a white dwarf what will it become next
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A black Dwarf
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How are stars able to give out energy for millions of years
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By atoms joining together
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What unit is used to measure from earth to neptune
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AU
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Unit used to measure from the sun to its nearest star
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Light Year
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Which piece of evidence supports the big bang theory
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The more distant galaxies are moving quickest
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What unit is used to measure from one galaxy to another
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Parsec
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Planetesimal
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The asteroid like bodies that formed the building blocks of planets
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Cosmic Background Radiation
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Leftover thermal energy from the big bang
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Solar Nebula
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A large cloud of dust and gas such as the one that formed our solar system
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Big Bang
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A theory that the universe formed in a huge explosion
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When a supernova occurs the remaining star can be either a neutron star of a black hole . True or False
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TRUE
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The fact that heavy elements such as gold and silver are found on earth shows that this solar system and its planets were formed from the remains of a supernova . True or False
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TRUE
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how is hertzsprung Russel Diagram Made
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By plotting the stars on the graph
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In around four billion years what will our sun become
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A red giant
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What are the three theories of the universe
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The Big Crunch
The Big Freeze The Big Rip |
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Explain the Big Crunch
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Too much matter in the Universe the gravitational attraction between all the masses will eventually pull all the galaxies back together- may lead to the next big bang
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Hydrosphere
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All of the earths water . 97% Salt 3% fresh 3 quarters exists as ice
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Neutron Star
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A star reaches the end of its life and collapses due to gravity to the point that the electrons and protons have smashed together to form neutrons. ( dead star)
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Black Holes
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A mass that has collapsed to such a great density that its enormous local gravitational field prevents light from escaping
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Biosphere
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All living things : Includes plants animals and also fungii and bacteria
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Define Percolation
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Movement of water that is in the soil towards the ocean by gravity . Flows :
OUT: Lithosphere IN: Lithosphere |
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Pulsars
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Tiny but extremely dense rotating stars that produce rapid pulses of radio waves
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What does the mass of a main sequence star determine
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- Luminosity
- Size - Lifespan - Type of Star - Heat |
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what is the main element of the sun
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Hydrogen
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Atmosphere
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The blanket of gases surrounding the planet. 79% nitrogen and 21% oxygen. Layers:
- Stratosphere - Mesosphere - Troposphere |
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Stars from from dust and gas due to
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Gravitational Attraction
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Spectral Class
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A group in which a star is classified according to its spectrum.
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Emission Spectra
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A spectrum of electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source
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Surface RunOff
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Water the flows over land surface . Flows:
OUT- Hydrosphere IN : Hydrosphere |
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4 spheres
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Hydrosphere
Lithosphere Biosphere Atmosphere |
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Lithosphere
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All the hard rocky things. Formed a thin crust layer and then the upper mantel layer made of tectonic plates
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Explain the big Freeze
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Not enough matter in the universe therefore everything will keep moving apart and cool down known as the big freeze
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Define Precipitation
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Water Falling from the air in the form of rain, hail , snow etc. Flows:
OUT- Atmosphere IN - Hydrosphere |
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Erosion
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The process of eroding or being eroded by wind , water or other natural agents
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Define Evaporation
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Liquid water absorbing heat and turning into a vapour gas. Flows :
OUT - Hydrosphere IN - Atmosphere |
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Define Snow Melt
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Water that has melted into liquid from frozen snow . Flows :
OUT- Hydrosphere IN- Hydrosphere |
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Carbon Emissions
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GHG's is a gas the atmosphere that absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range
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Accretion Theory Explained
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- planets go the same direction
- Roughly on the same plane/disc - inner planets rocky - outer planets gasey |
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Nuclear Fusion
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A nuclear reaction in which a heavy nucleus splits spontaneously or on impact with another particle, with the release of energy
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Bio-Magnification
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Higher concentration of a particular chemical reached organisms higher in the food chain
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Define Ground Water Flow
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( infiltrates/percolates_ into the ground from rain or melted snow. Flows out of the Atmosphere and into the Lithosphere
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Ozone Depletion
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The amount of ozone in the stratosphere is wearing out . One major cause .. humans
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