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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Magma |
Hot molten rock within the earth |
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Lava |
Magma that has reached the surface |
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Igneous rocks |
Rocks formedfrom cooling magma. Extrusive or intrusive igneous rock? Look at the texture and colour of therock.pгd |
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Extrusive igneous rocks |
Rocksformed from cooling magma that has reached the Earth’s surface. Contain very small crystals in them, may need a microscope to see them.Contain a large number of spaces, caused by gas bubbles.Examples – obsidian, pumice, scoria. |
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Intrusive igneous rocks |
Rocks formedfrom cooling magma that is below the ground’s surface. Contain large interlocking crystals which can be seen without a microscope.Examples – quartz, feldspar, biotite |
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Crystals |
Particlesin liquid magna can clump together when magma is cooling to form structurescalled crystals within the rock.Faster cooling produces smaller crystals.Slower cooling produces larger crystals |
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Minerals |
Rocks are made upof minerals (particular combinations and arrangements of atoms, identified bytheir physical properties). |
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Three types of igneous rocks |
Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic |
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Igneous rocks |
Hard,strong, made of interlocking crystals. |
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Dark colour |
High content of heavy minerals |
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Light colour |
High content of silica-like minerals |
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Regional metamorphism |
Occurs over a wide area.Usually occurs when tectonic plates collide and scrape past each other, and are heated up and compressed in the process. |
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Contact metamorphism |
Occurs on asmaller scale in a localised area.Usually occurs when rocks come into contact with hot magma as the magma pushes through the mantle and crust.apeYѳL |
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Recrystallisation |
Occurswhen heat and pressure melts rock and new crystals grow as the rock cools down. |
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Foliation |
Is a processwhere layers or bands are developed because the minerals are squashed flat under pressure. |
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Gemstones |
Arefound in metamorphic rock, such as diamond, ruby, sapphire, jade and garnet. |
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Haematite |
Iron oxide Iron |
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Galena |
Lead sulfide Lead |
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Cassiterite |
Tin oxide Tin |
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Bauxite |
Aluminium oxide Aluminium |
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Clastic |
Formed from weathered rocksediments Sometimes find fossils Layers of rocks Grains do not interlocks |
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Chemical |
Formed when materials dissolved in water come out of a solution, form a solid and sink to the bottom Most have crystals Soft Rarely have layering Occasionally contain fossils |
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Organic |
Formed when dead plant matter oranimal debris accumulates and then cements together Can be layered Usually soft |
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Sedimentary Clastic |
Conglomerate Breccia Sandstone Siltstone Mudstone Shale |
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Sedimentary Chemical |
Limestone Dolostone Evaporites |
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Sedimentary Biologic |
Coal Chert |
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Igneous Intrusive |
Gabbro Diorite Granodiorite Granite |
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Igneous Extrusive |
Basalt Pumice Scoria Andesite Dacite Rhyolite |
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Metamorphic Foliated |
Slate Schist Gneiss |
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Metamorphic Non-foliated |
Quartzite Marble |
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Petroleum methods |
Petroleum occurs as both a liquid and a gas Narrow holes are bored into the rock A steel tower called a derrick is built to support the drilling equipment The oil or gas rises to the surface and into separation and storage tanks |
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Leach mining |
Asolution that will dissolve the ore is pumped into the ore.The dissolved ore solution is then pumped to the surface |
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Dredging |
Alarge pit is dug and filled with water, a boat then uses large hoses to suck upsand |
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Underground Mining |
Oredeep underground:Vertical shafts down to the level of the ore body then horizontal shafts. |
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Surface mining |
Ore close to the surface Open-cut mines |
