Science Review

Front 1

Biodiversity

Back 1

The total # of different species on earth

Front 2

Sustainability

Back 2

endurance; the ability to survive and exist

Front 3

Diversity

Back 3

Variety; Differences

Front 4

Watershed

Back 4

an area of land that drains to a common outlet, collecting, storing, and releasing water for an area

Front 5

Run off

Back 5

water flowing above ground instead of soaking into the ground

Front 6

Surface Water

Back 6

water that’s above ground, the top layer of a body of water

Front 7

Infiltration

Back 7

water on the ground that enters the soil, depending on porosity

Front 8

Ground Water

Back 8

water that only travels underground

Front 9

Pollution

Back 9

a harmful substance that enters the environment

Front 10

Pollution

Back 10

Contamination of Earth's air, land, or water

Front 11

Point Source

Back 11

pollution substance that enters the environment

Front 12

Non-Point Source

Back 12

pollution coming from many sources (runoff makes it impossible to identify the source)

Front 13

Water Cycle

Back 13

cycle in which water changes form

Front 14

Erosion

Back 14

natural forces move weathered rock & soil from one place to another

Front 15

Deposition

Back 15

process by which sediments are laid down in a new location

Front 16

Weathering

Back 16

process that breaks down the rocks on Earth

Front 17

Chemical (weathering)

Back 17

Oxygen dissolved in water, Carbon dioxide dissolved in water, living organisms, acid rain

Front 18

Mechanical (weathering)

Back 18

Freezing & thawing, abrasion, plant growth, animal actions, release of pressure

Front 19

Producer

Back 19

An organism that can make its own food.

Front 20

Consumer

Back 20

An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms

Front 21

Autotroph

Back 21

An organism that is capable of capturing sunlight to make food.

Front 22

Heterotroph

Back 22

An organism that cannot make its own food & must consume living things.

Front 23

Omnivore

Back 23

A consumer that eats both plants & animals.

Front 24

Herbivore

Back 24

A consumer that eats only plants.

Front 25

Carnivore

Back 25

A consumer that eats only animals.

Front 26

Food Chain

Back 26

A series of events in which organisms transfer energy by eating and by being eaten.

Front 27

Food Web

Back 27

The pattern of overlapping food chains in an ecosystem.

Front 28

Trophic Level

Back 28

the levels on an energy pyramid that are grouped together by similarities

Front 29

Energy Flow

Back 29

10% at each level in transferred to the next level of the energy pyramid, 90% is converted to heat at each step

Front 30

Decomposer/Scavenger

Back 30

eat decaying matter

Front 31

Cell membrane

Back 31

allows materials to pass in and out of the cell

Front 32

Cell wall

Back 32

surrounds a plant cell membrane and provides protection and rigid structure

Front 33

Nucleus

Back 33

control center and contains DNA fluid that contains organelles and the compounds the cell needs

Front 34

Cytoplasm

Back 34

fluid that contains organelles and the compounds the cell needs

Front 35

Mitochondria

Back 35

Powerhouse of the cell, produces cells energy. Cell respiration

Front 36

Chloroplast

Back 36

capture sun’s energy for photosynthesis

Front 37

Vacuole

Back 37

storage of food, water, and waste

Front 38

Temperature

Back 38

Organisms survive between -10 degrees Celsius and 110 degrees Celsius. Too hot DNA starts to break down,while too cold reacts too slowly.

Front 39

Water

Back 39

Requires liquid water, can be available on an irregular basis if organisms can go dormant. Must be internal heat to melt water.

Front 40

Atmosphere

Back 40

Insulates from UV rays, meteorite impacts and a source of biochemical like nitrogen and carbon. Also serves as insulator, must have gravity to hold it.

Front 41

Energy

Back 41

Light or chemical energy required.

Front 42

Nutrients

Back 42

Must have a cycle present such as plate tectonics or volcanic activity. Liquid water also important to move dissolved chemicals.

Front 43

DNA

Back 43

found in the nucleus, wound around proteins to form chromosomes, double helix, decoded by Watson & Crick

Front 44

RNA

Back 44

single strand, Uracil instead of Thymine

Front 45

Cell Respiration

Back 45

produces CO2, H2O, and energy (from mitochondria)

Front 46

Protein

Back 46

Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen;Helps muscle development, immune system and make up enzymes. Takes place in the cell membrane, and made up of amino acid.

Front 47

Carbohydrate

Back 47

Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen; quick energy source. Takes place in cell walls and membranes, and made up of glucose.

Front 48

Lipids

Back 48

Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; Helps insulate, source of long term energy. Makes up the cell membrane, and made up of fatty acid, and glycerol.

Front 49

Nucleic acids

Back 49

Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus; Carries genetic material.Takes place in the nucleus, and is made up of nucleotide.

Front 50

Fermentation

Back 50

cell respiration with little or no oxygen, where acid or alcohol is formed instead of water

Front 51

Biomolecules

Back 51

organic compounds found in living organisms

Front 52

Vitamins

Back 52

an organic compound that an organism requires and cannot make make on its own. There are 13 different vitamins: A, B1, B2, B3, B4, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12, C, D, E, K)

Front 53

Organic Compounds

Back 53

contain carbon bonded to hydrogen (hydrocarbons)

Front 54

Mutations

Back 54

occurs when a change in the DNA code changes the protein produced (point mutation, insertion, deletion)

Front 55

Watson & Crick

Back 55

decoded DNA and won the Nobel Prize 1962