Science - Reproduction

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Testes

Back 1

Where the sperm is made in a male

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Scrotum

Back 2

where the testes are located, maintains a temperature of about 3 degrees lower than body temperature.

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Vas deferens

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tube through which sperm cells travel from the testes to the penis

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prostate gland

Back 4

secretes some of the liquid that makes up semen. It plays a important role in keeping sperm cells alive once they enter the female reproductive system.

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seminal vesicle

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contributes some of the liquid that makes up semen. The sugar i produces provides a source of energy for the sperm cells

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urethra

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the tube inside the penis through which semen leaves the male's body

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penis

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the penis swells during sexual arousal. Semen containing sperm cells is ejaculated from the penis into the vagina

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ovaries

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the produce ova, one egg is produces one a month from one of the ovaries.

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fallopian tubes

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tubes through which ova must travel to reach the uterus. Fertilisation occurs in the fallopian tubes.

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uterus

Back 10

where the baby grows and develops

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cervix

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the passageway between the vagina and the uterus. During childbirth the cervix opens up to allow the baby to come out of the uterus

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vagina

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semen enters the female's reproductive system via the vagina. When baby are push out of the uterus they pass through the vagina to enter the world.

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clitoris

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swells during sexual arousal

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fertilisation

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when the female and male gamete fuse together to form a zygote

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sexual reproduction

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offspring result from the fusion of the male and female gametes

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sperm

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male gamete

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ova

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female gamete

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zygote

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a fertilised ovum

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external fertilisation

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female releases unfertilised eggs into the water to be fertilised by males's sperm, which are also release into the water. only occurs with some fish and amphibians

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internal fertilisation

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occurs with animals that live and breed on land, this keeps the gametes inside the body so there is no change of dehydration occurring. sperm are introduced into the female by a process called copulation (sexual intercourse)

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copulation

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copulation is sexual intercourse

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fetus

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at about 8 weeks when the embryo has developed a distinct head, arms and legs.

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embryo

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when the zygote has divided into many more cells.

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implantation

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when the embryo completely embeds itself in the uterus lining. 10 days after fertilisation

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placenta

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where the fetus obtains its nutrients and oxygen through a special organ, which is the placenta

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conception

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conception involves the production of a zygote and its implantation into the wall of the uterus

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contraception

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ways to prevent conception happening

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Abstinence

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saying no, 100% affective

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tubal ligation

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the fallopian tubes are cut and sealed, 99.8% affective

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vasectomy

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the vas deferens are cut and sealed, 99.8% affective

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daily contraceptive pill

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prevents ova from developing, 98%

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morning-after pill

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stops fertilised egg implanting into uterus, 98%

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Intra-uterine device (UID)

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small piece of plastic placed in uterus by doctor, 95%-99%

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condom

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rolled onto male's erect penis before intercourse 85-90%

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diaphragm

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prevents sperm cells reaching the cervix 85-90%

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spermicides

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creams or jellies containing chemicals that kill sperm 80%

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rhythm method

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abstaining from intercourse during the most fertile stage of woman's cycle, 75%

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withdrawal

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removal of the penis before ejaculation, 70-82%

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vaginal douche

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flushing vagina with a chemical that is supposed to kill sperm cells, 60-70%

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infertility

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the inability to conceive or carry a pregnancy to a live birth. About 20 per cent of all couples are infertile

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sterile

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inability of either the male or the female to produce gametes

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in-virtro fertilisation (IVF)

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eggs are surgically removes, sperm injected into egg, fertilised, frozen until at the two or four cell stage and then places back into the woman's uterus for implantation

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donor eggs

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ova from other women that is donated for IVF