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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
convection
the transfer of themal energy by movements of liquid
convection currents
the movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers thermal energy from one part of the fluid to another
conduction
the transfer of thermal energy through direct contact between particles of matter
radiation
the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves
sea-floor spreading
the process by which molten material adds new oceanic crust to the ocean floor
subduction
the process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary
deep-ocean trench
a deep valley along the ocean floor through which oceanic crust slowly sinks towards the mantle
mid-ocean ridge
the undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary
fossil
the preserved remains or traces of living things that lived in the past
Pangaea
the name of the single landmass that broke apart 225 million years ago and gave rise to today's continents
divergent boundary
a plate boundary where two plates move away from each other
convergent boundary
a plate boundary where two plates move toward each other
transform boundary
a plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions
continental drift
the hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth's surface
fault
a break or crack in the Earth's lithosphere along which rocks move
plate boundary
the edges of different pieces of the lithosphere which meet
plate tectonics
the theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle
plates
a section of the lithosphere that slowly moves over the asthenosphere, carrying pieces of continental and oceanic crust
rift valley
a deep valley that forms where two plates move apart