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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name characteristics that both animal and plant cells have. |
- All living things are made up of one or more cells - The cell is the simplest unit - All cells come from other living cells |
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What are the characteristics of Prokaryotes? |
- simplest of all cells - single celled and lack nucleus - Ex: Archea and bacteria |
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What are the characteristics of Eukaryotes? |
- bigger than prokaryotic - complex systems organized and have a nucleus - Ex: Plants, humans, animals, etc. - has organelles that carry out specific functions for the cell |
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What common activities do all cells have? |
- energy use - storing material - taking material - excretion - moving substances |
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What is the definition of cytoplasm? |
Jelly like substance which contains all organelles. |
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What is the definition of cell membrane? |
- flexible double layered membrane - function is to support the cell and allow certain substances in/out of the cell |
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What is definition of nucleus? |
- "brain" of the cell - function is to control the cell |
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What is definition of mitochondria? |
- "power house" of the cell - makes energy available to the cell - muscle cells have many nitochondria |
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What is the definition of endoplasmic reticulum? |
- aka ER - function is to transport materials through the cell |
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What is the definition of golgi bodies? |
- looks like a stack of flattened pancakes - function is to collect materials to be removed from the cell |
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What is the definition of vacuoles? |
- compartment containing water and materials - in plants -> storage, makes them turgid (rigid), big - in animal, storage, very small |
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What organelles are only found in plant cells? |
- cell wall - chloroplast |
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What is the definition of cell wall? |
Function is to provide support and protection. |
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What is the definition of chloroplast? |
- contain chlorophyll and gives leaves their green colour - photosynthesis allows plants to get their energy from the sun so it can make food |
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What is cell division? |
- cells reproduce for growth, repair and maintenance - cells cannot survive without water, source of energy (nutrients) and gases - cells can reproduce 2 ways: Asexual and Sexual |
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What is asexual reproduction? |
Asexual creates identical off spring and it involves only one parent. |
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What is sexual reproduction? |
Sexual reproduction involves 2 parents and the off spring is genetically different. |
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What are the three main parts of the reproduction of cells? |
1. Mitosis 2. Interphase 3. Cytokinesis |
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What are the different phases of the reproduction of cells? |
1. Interphase 2. Prophase 3. Metaphase 4. Anaphase 5. Telophase 6. Cytokinesis |
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Cell division going wrong: Cancer |
- cancer is a disease where the cells start to grow and divide - cancer results from a change in the DNA - this prevents cells from staying in interphase for the right amount of time |
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Cell growth rates and cancer |
- cancer cells divide despite messages from the nucleus - uncontrolled growth may create a rapidly growing mass of cells that can form a tumour - tumour cells stick together and benign tumour cells are non-cancerous - malignant tumour, they interfere with the function of neighbouring cells are cancerous |
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Causes of cancer |
- starts in the cell division when the cell abnormally becomes cancerous (called Mutation) - They will continuously go through Mitosis and cytokinesis until all of the nutrients are exhausted - some cancers can be hereditary such as breast cancer - not everyone exposed to carcinogens will develop cancer |
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Cancer screening |
- detects cancer early enough so it can be treated but it does not prevent it - can be taken if you have family history of cancer, when you'r exposed to carinoges, or even if you have no symptoms at all - women get PAP test which takes a sample of your cervical cells to see if their growing abnormally - men check through a blood test called a PSA test |
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Reducing your cancer risk |
- get yourself screened - your family medical history carcinoges in your environment and your lifestyle are among the many factors that can affect your cancer risk - avoiding tobacco smoke and maintaining a healthy diet can help your cancer risk - some foods contain minerals and other substances that can help prevent cancer |
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Diagnosing cancer |
- if cancer is diagnosed early, chances of successful treatment are more likely - it can include endoscopy x-ray, ultra sound, CT scanning and MRI. These machines can be used to detect abnormalities and diagnose cancer - if any of the medical tests show any abnormality, the next step is to examine the suspected cells meaning to get a biopsy |
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Treatments of cancer |
- 3 main treatments for cancer are surgery, chemo and radiation - surgery is the most preferred option, it physically removes - chemotherapy is often used first because it works to slow/stop the cells - Radiation targets the cells so they can no longer divide or reproduce |
