Science Atmosphere

Front 1

Atmosphere

Back 1

Composed of 78% nitrogen, 20% oxygen. Divided into layers based on temperature.

Front 2

Troposphere

Back 2

Layer closest to the Earth where we live. The temperature gets colder the higher you go. Weather occurs here.

Front 3

Stratosphere

Back 3

Second layer where the temperature increases as the altitude increases. The ozone layer is in the Stratosphere.

Front 4

Jet Stream

Back 4

Strong winds occuring between the boundary of the lower Stratosphere/upper Troposphere. "Tropopause. Effects the aircraft flowing at this altitude by either speeding the up or slowing them down.

Front 5

Mesosophere

Back 5

Third layer. Meteors burn up in this layer. Temperature decreases with altitude.

Front 6

Thermosphere

Back 6

Hottest layer (think thermos). Temperature increases with altitude. The ionosphere (Northern and Southern Lights) takes place in the Thermosphere.

Front 7

Exosphere

Back 7

Highest layer. Gases escape into outer space from this layer.

Front 8

Wind

Back 8

HORIZONTAL movement of air from high-pressured areas to low-pressured areas.

Front 9

Weather

Back 9

The state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place that is determined by air pressure, air moisture, air temperature, and wind speed.

Front 10

Sea Breeze

Back 10

The breeze flowing to the land from the ocean due to convection of warm and cooler air temperatures during the daytime.

Front 11

Land Breeze

Back 11

The reversal of sea breeze: When the air is warmer over the ocean than over the land, convection currents flow from the land to the sea.

Front 12

Coriolis Effect

Back 12

The result of the Earth's rotation. It causes moving objects to follow curved paths. Northern Hemisphere curvature is to the right, Southern to the left. NO Coriolis effect at poles. MAXIMUM Coriolis effect at the equator.

Front 13

Water

Back 13

Only about 2.5 percent of all water is fresh water.
1 percent of all water is accesible and fresh.
The water cycle has no starting or ending point.

Front 14

Water Cycle

Back 14

Precipitation falls to the ground flows over the ground as surface runoff. It makes it's way to lakes streams, and underground. Then it re-evaporates, forms condensation, rains, etcetera.

Front 15

Heat Transfer

Back 15

Convection, Conduction, and Radiation.

Front 16

Convection

Back 16

Heat transfer where FLUIDS of different temperatures move to balance out the heat.

Front 17

Conduction

Back 17

Heat transfer through a SUBSTANCE

Front 18

Radiation

Back 18

Heat transfer from the sun's rays

Front 19

Inner Core

Back 19

The center of the Earth which is solid because of all the pressure around it. A dense ball of solid metal. Iron and Nickel

Front 20

Outer Core

Back 20

Surrounding inner core. Molten metal. Iron and Nickel

Front 21

Mantle

Back 21

The thickest layer of Earth. Made of very hot but solid-plastic-y solid.

Front 22

Lithosphere

Back 22

Uppermost part of the mantle and the Crust together form a rigid layer. Lithosphere rests on Asthenosphere
(softer metal which is hotter and under increasing pressure plastic texture).

Front 23

Asthenosphere

Back 23

Soft metal solid in the Mantle supporting the Lithosphere. Hot and under increasing pressure--plastic texture.

Front 24

Crust

Back 24

The top layer which we live on. It is the coldest and thinnest layer. The thickest parts of this layer are where the mountains are. The thinnest parts are under the ocean.

Front 25

Continental Crust

Back 25

The crust under land. Made of solid Granite rock.

Front 26

Oceanic Crust

Back 26

The crust under the ocean. Thinnest crust. Made of Basalt.

Front 27

Magnetic Field

Back 27

Movements in the liquid outer core create the Earth's magnetic field. Strongest at the poles. The reason the compass works.

Front 28

S-Waves

Back 28

Shake side to side or up and down. S AS IN ONLY THROUGH SOLIDS aka Seismic waves.

Front 29

P-Waves

Back 29

Elastic waves traveling through fluids (gasses and liquids)