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28 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the hottest layer?
inner core
What is the coldest layer?
crust
What is the thickest layer?
the mantle
What is the smallest layer?
crust
What are the two metals that make up the core?
iron and nickel
Which rocks make up the continental crust?
granite
Which rocks make up the oceanic crust?
basalt
What is the lithosphere comprised of?
crust and upper layer of mantle
rigid, brittle rock
How deep is the lithosphere?
60 miles
What is the asthenosphere?
part of the mantle that flows and moves the plates of the Earth

(below lithosphere)
Name the layers of the Earth in order.
1. crust
2. mantle
3. outer
4. inner
What are convection currents?
- moves plates
- in the mantle
Who was Alfred Wegner?
proposed continental drift hypothesis
What is Pangaea?
single ancient landmass where all continents are connected
What is the ocean the surrounds Pangaea?
Panthalassa
What part of the Earth contains the plates?
lithosphere
What is the lithosphere comprised of?
crust and upper mantle
What evidence was used to complete the jigsaw puzzle?
1. continents fit together like a jigsaw puzzle

2. similar fossils in eastern South America and western Africa from 870 mya

3. mountain ranges

4. South Africa and South America show evidence of ancient glaciers
Why was Wegner's theory not believed?
he could not identify a force to explain continental drift
What is a scientific theory?
A theory summarizes a hypothesis that has been supported with repeated testing. It is valid as long as there is no evidence to dispute it.
What is a law?
accepted as truth
What is the driving force of continental drift?
convection currents in the mantle
When was the evidence for the driving force for continental drift discovered?
1947
How was the evidence for the driving force for continental drift discovered?
mapping the mid-Atlantic ridge
What is the mid-atlantic ridge?
underwater mountain chain around 80,000 km long in the Atlantic Ocean
What did scientists discover at the Mid-Atlantic range?
Scientists discovered rocks were not older than 170 myo. Some continental rocks are 4 byo.
What occurs at the ridges?
seafloor spreading
What is seafloor spreading?
at the ridges, new sea floor is being created as magma seeps up from below the surface