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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atom |
smallest particle of an element that retains the element's propeties |
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Nucleus |
small + charged center of an atom |
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Protons |
particles in nucleus with electric charge of +1 |
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Atomic # |
number of protons; each element has a different amount |
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Neutrons |
electrically neutral particles in nucleus; have no charge |
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Electrons |
electric charge of 1; not found in nucleus, found in space surrounding nucleus. Not made of quarks. |
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Quarks |
smaller particles that make up subatomic particles |
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Electron Cloud |
the area are the nucleus where electrons are most likely to be found |
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___________ is smaller in mass than protons or neutrons |
electrons |
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Periods |
horizontal rows Atomic # / # of protons increases as you move across the row ex- Period 2 = 2 energy levels |
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Groups |
vertical columns all elements in groups have similar properties |
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Alkali Metals |
Soft, silvery, very reactive metals; reacts with water. Found in group 1, except hydrogen (1) |
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Alkaline Earth Metals |
Reactive, not as reactive as AM. Found with other elements- ex. table salt Found in group 2 |
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Metals |
Solid at room temp. |
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Non metals |
poor conductors of heat and electricity |
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Halogens |
very reactive non metals group 17 |
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Noble Gasses |
nonreactive, colorless gasses |
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Metalliods |
similar to metals; half metal half non metal |
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Electron Cloud Structure |
different energy levels; electrons within the clouds have different amounts of energy, closer to nucleus: less energy; differences shown by placing electrons in different energy levels |
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Valence Electrons |
highest energy, farthest out, Ex: Group 2 = 2 valence electrons |
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Level 1 energy level |
2 electrons |
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Level 2 energy level |
8 electrons |
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all the following rows are ________ when they have 8 valence electrons |
stable |
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stable |
doesn't need to bond with other atoms |
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Dot Diagrams |
number of valence electrons go around in a circle when making them |
