Science Notes

Front 1

what is reproduction?

Back 1

important for survival of all living species

Front 2

two types of reproduction:

Back 2

asexual
sexual

Front 3

what is asexual?

Back 3

one parent

Front 4

what is sexual?

Back 4

two parents

Front 5

examples of asexual:

Back 5

budding, binary fission, fragmentation, regeneration, spores, cloning, etc.

Front 6

what is gametes?

Back 6

when a male and female sex cell meet

Front 7

____ is common with plants and single celled organisms

Back 7

asexual

Front 8

human sex-cells contain rod-shaped structures called___

Back 8

nucleus

Front 9

chromosomes are found in the ___

Back 9

DNA

Front 10

the long strands in the DNA are made up of___

Back 10

genes

Front 11

the genes carry the genetic information that controls our__

Back 11

traits

Front 12

Asexual reproduction

Back 12

Reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent. (No variation!)

Front 13

Allele

Back 13

The different forms of a gene in a pair

Front 14

Chromosomes

Back 14

Rod-shaped structures in the nucleus of a cell that are made up of DNA which carries the information that is passed from parents to offspring

Front 15

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

Back 15

Structure that makes up chromosomes, made up of genes that carry information about an organism that controls inherited characteristics. ("genetic blueprint")

Front 16

Dominant allele

Back 16

Strong form a a gene whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present ...represented by capital letter

Front 17

Egg

Back 17

Female sex cell or gamete involved in fertilization. Human egg contains 23 chromosomes

Front 18

Estrogen

Back 18

Primary female sex hormone that controls the development of female characteristics during puberty

Front 19

Fallopian tube

Back 19

Fine tube, that an egg will travel down, that connects the ovaries to the uterus

Front 20

Fertilization

Back 20

The process where the gameles (egg & sperm) fuse to form a new individual in sexual reproduction

Front 21

Flagella

Back 21

Long tail-like structure of a cell (sperm) that can beat like a ship to allow it to "swim"

Front 22

Gamates

Back 22

Two cells that fuse during fertilization in sexual reproduction

Front 23

Gene

Back 23

A segment of DNA that carries the genetic information that controls a specific trait

Front 24

Genotype

Back 24

Gene combination or alleles that determine a trait

Front 25

Genetics

Back 25

The scientific study of heredity

Front 26

Heredity

Back 26

The passing of traits from parents to offspring

Front 27

Heterozygous

Back 27

Having a dominant and recessive allele in a gene pair

Front 28

Homozygous

Back 28

Having two identical alleles in a gene pair

Front 29

Hormones

Back 29

Chemical messengers that carry a signal from one cell to another to control many bodily functions

Front 30

Hybrid

Back 30

An organism that has two different alleles for a trait (heterozygous)

Front 31

Mutations

Back 31

Random changes in genes that cause variations that can be helpful or harmful

Front 32

Natural selection

Back 32

The process by which organisms best adapted to their environment survive & reproduce to pass on favorable traits to their offspring

Front 33

Nucleus

Back 33

Central control center of a cell that contains chromosomes

Front 34

Puberty

Back 34

Process in which hormones trigger a child's body to change into an adult body capable of reproduction

Front 35

Punnett square

Back 35

A table that can be used to predict the genotypes and phenytypes of offspring based on the genotypes of the parents

Front 36

Ovaries

Back 36

Female organ that produces eggs and the female hormones (estrogen & progesterone)

Front 37

Ovulation

Back 37

Process by which the ovaries release a mature egg that is ready for fertilization

Front 38

Phenotype

Back 38

Physical appearance or trait that is visible

Front 39

Pure bred

Back 39

Organism that has the same alleles in a gene pair

Front 40

Recessive allele

Back 40

Weak form of a gene that is masked when a dominant allele is present...represented by a lower case letter

Front 41

Repreduction

Back 41

Production of new individuals to ensure the survivl of a species

Front 42

Sexual reproduction

Back 42

Reproductive process that involves two parents who combine their genetic material through fertilization to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents

Front 43

Sperm

Back 43

Male sex cell or gamete involved in fertilization. Humn sperm contains 23 chromosomes

Front 44

Survival of the fittest

Back 44

Organisms that are best adapted to their environment have a better chance of surviving and reproducting

Front 45

Testes

Back 45

Male organ that produces sperm and the male hormone testosterone

Front 46

Testosterone

Back 46

Male hormone that controls the development of male characterics during puberty

Front 47

Trait

Back 47

A characteristic that an organisy can pass on to its offspring through its genes

Front 48

Urethra

Back 48

Tube that connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. In males it also serves as the passage for sperm to exit the body

Front 49

Uterus

Back 49

Major female reproductive organ where a fertilized egg or zygote will develop until it is ready for childbirth

Front 50

Variation

Back 50

Normal differences that occur between individuals in a population caused by genetic differences

Front 51

Zygote

Back 51

Cell formed when the egg and sperm fuse during fertilization...develops into an embryo. Human zygote contains 46 chromosomes (23 from egg + 23 from sperm)