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135 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
When doing work you exert ______ over __________
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Force, Distance
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Think of the formula, work equals __ times __
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In order to do work, the object must
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Move
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Think of question
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For work to be done, force exerted must bein the ________ as the objects _____
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Same Direction, Motion
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Work= ? * ?
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Force, Distance
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Think of other questions
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The SI Unit for work is the ____
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NewtonMeter
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Aka a Joule
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A Newton-Meter is also called a _____
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Joule
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One joule is the amount of work you do when y ou exert a force of ________ to move an object a distance of ________
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One Newton, One Meter
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How does a machine make work easier?
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The Machine makes the input force easier.
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If only the direction of force changes the input force and output force are _____. The mechanical advantage is ______.
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Equal, 100
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The efficiency of a machine compares _____ Work to _____ Work
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Output, Input
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Efficiency is expressed as a
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Percent
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List the six simple machines and give an example of each.
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Wedge- Doorstop
Screw- Jelly Lid Pulley- Flagpole Wheel and Axel- Car Wheel Lever- SeeSaw Inclined Plane- Ramp |
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The fixed point on a lever is called a ______.
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Fulcrum
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Define Lever
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A simple machine consisting of a rigid object that pivots about a fixed point.
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Define Pulley.
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A simple machine consisting of a grooved wheel around which it is wrapped in a rope, such as cable.
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What is the difference between movable and fixed pulleys?
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Fixed: Is a pulley used to keep structures in tack.
Movable: If you wish to move a pulley. |
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What is a compound machine? Give an example of one.
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A machine with two or more simple machines.
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Most machines in our body are
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Levers
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What is Energy?
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The ability to do work or cause change.
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What is work?
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Transfer of energy.
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What is the un it for work?
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Joules or a Newton-Meter
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List three examples of kinetic energy
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Swinging a bat, funning, mowing the lawn.
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What does kinetic energy depend on?
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MAss and Velocity
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Describe two ways to increase Kinetic Energy.
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Double the mass, or double the velocity.
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Think of Formula
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What is the equation for KE?
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KE= Mass * Velocity Squared
------------------------ 2 |
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What is Potential Energy>
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Energy that is stored and held in rediness.
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List and give examples of the 6 types of energy.
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Mechanical- School Bus
Thermal- Blow Dryer Chemical- Chocolate Electrical- Shock, Lightning Electromagnetic- Light from sun Nuclear- Nuclear Energy |
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What is an Energy conversion?
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Energy that is converted into another energy.
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State the law of conservation of energy.
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Energy that is neither converted and is not lost.
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What is a fossil fuel? How is it formed?
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Created by the sun and it's light.
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What is power?
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The rate at which work is done.
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What is the equation for power?
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Power= Work
---------- Distance |
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What is the unit for power?
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Watts
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Define: Temperature
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Energy gained or lost
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How do you change temperatures on the Kelvin scale for Celsius degrees?
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Divide Numbers
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Define: Thermal Energy
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Particles that are heated and have energy.
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The _____ particles a substance has at a given temperature, the more _____ energy it has.
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More, Thermal
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Define: Heat
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Movement of thermal energy.
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Heat is transferred by _____, _____, ____.
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Radiation, conduction, convection.
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Describe conduction, convection, radiation.
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Conduction- Heat is on the bottom pushing up onto a pan to make it hot.
Convection- Heat transfered in currents within a fluid. Radiation- Electromagnetic Waves |
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Heat flows from the _____ object to the ____ one
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Warm, Cool
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A material that does not conduct heat well is a/an _______.
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Insulator
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List the 3 states of matter on earth.
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Solid, liquid, gas
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What happens to temperature during a phase change?
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Goes into a different state of matter.
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What happenes to heat (Thermal Energy) during a phase change.
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Energy is transferred
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As the thermal energy of a substance ____, its particles spread out and the substance expands.
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Increases
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What is a wave?
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A disturbance that transfers energy from one place to place.
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Wave cause the particles of a medium to do what?
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Makes it travel move throughout.
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How are waves classified.
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By Surface, longitudinal, and Transverse
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What is the highest and lowest part of a wave called?
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Crest, Trough
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How do the particles of transverse waves move? Of longitudinal waves?
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Transverse- Waves move through medium at a right angle two the direction of the wave.
Longitudinal- Wave and medium move in parallel direction. |
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What is amplitude?
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The maximum distance the particles of the medium carrying the wave.
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How can you measure the wavelength of a wave?
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Measure the distance between 2 coorosponding pairs of a wave.
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What is the unit for frequency?
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Hertz
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Name 3 factors that affect the speed of a wave in a medium.
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Temperature, elasticity, Density
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When does a wave experience reflection? Give an example
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When the wave hits a boundary and bounces back.
An Echo |
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In both diffraction and refraction waves bend, explain how they are different.
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Diffraction is the bending of waves around the edge of a barrier. Refraction is the bending of waves due to a new medium.
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What is wave interference ? Explain how the amplitude changes with destructive and constructive interference.
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The interaction between two waves at the same place at the same time. Amplitude Increases with constructive interference. Amplitude decreases with destructive interference.
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What is a standing wave and when does it occur?
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A standing wave occurs when an incoming wave combines with a regular wave and appears to be standing still.
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How can you make an object resonate?
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When a vibration is applied that matches the natural frequency.
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Sound is a _________ that travels through a _________ as a _________ wave
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Disturbance, Medium, Longitudinal
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What three mediums do sounds travel through?
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Solid, Liquid, Gas
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Sound can only travel if... Sound will not travel in __________
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Has a medium to travel in through outer space
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Three properties that effect the speed of sound are ______,______,and ________
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Elasticity, Density, and Temperature of a medium
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Define elasticity. The more elastic a medium is sound will travel _________.
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Ability of a material to bounce back after disturbance quickly.
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The ________ of a sound depends upon how much energy the wave carries a second in a given area.
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Intensity
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Loudness or sound level is measured in ________. Each 10 dB increase in sound level represents a ________ increase in intensity.
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Decibal, Tenfold
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Define ultrasound and infrasound
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UltraSound- Above Normal, Infra- Below Normal
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Define pitch. Pitch depends upon ________.
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How high or low a sound is, frequency.
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Define Doppler Effect
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Change in frequency of a wave in motion.
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As a sound apporoaches the listener, the pitch is _______ due to a ________ frequency.
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Higher, High
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Music is a set of tones combined in ways that are....
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Pleasing to the ear
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Interference occurs when _______ or __________ sound waves _______
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Two or More, Interact
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How are acoustics used to design concert halls?
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Sound waves reach his listeners from different directions. Most design a hall so interference is not destructive.
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Sound enters through the _____ _______ and then vibrates the _______, a tightly stretched membrane.
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Ear Canal, Eardrum
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From here, sound enters the middle ear through three small bones (in order, outer to inner)
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Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup
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Liquid cavity of the inner ear is called the _______.
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Cochlea
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Describe how the cochlea transmits sound to the brain.
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Tiny hairs send messages to the brain.
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How is a EM wave different from a mechanical wave?
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No medium is needed
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What is polarized light?
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Light that has been passed through a filter to produce waves moving in one direction.
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What is a photon?
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A packet of light energy
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How are all electromagnetic waves the same? How are they different.
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Travel at the same speed but with different wavelengths and frequencies.
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List the 6 types of EM waves in order of increasing frwquency. Give an example of each.
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Radio (Radar gun), Infared (Heat lamp),
Visible (Rainbow), Ultraviolet (Sun Rays) X-Rays (x-rays), Gamma (Cancer Treatment) |
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How does an incandescent light work?
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Electricity runs thru filament and heats it up.
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What does AM stand for?
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Amplitude Modulation
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What reamains constant in an AM station.
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Frequency
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What does FM stand for?
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Frequency Modulation
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What changes in FM radio stations?
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Frequency
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What type of waves do cell phones use?
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They use microwaves/radio
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What is the global positioning system (GPS) used for?
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To tell you where you are, to give you directions.
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When light strikes an object, the light can be ____, ____, and ____
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Reflected, absorbed, transmitted
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Define: Opaque
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A material that reflects or absorbs all the light that strikes it.
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Compare transparent and translucent materials
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A transparent material transmitts light. Translucent Materal allow some light to get through.
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When does regular relection occur?
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When parallal rays of light hit a smooth surface.
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When does diffuse reflection occur?
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When parallel rays of light hit a bumpy, or uneven surface (Spread out)
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A concave mirror curves
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Inward
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Since the rays do not actually meet, images fromed by convex mirrors are always _______.
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Virtual
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When light rays enter a new medium at an angle, the change in speed causes them to _____, or change ______.
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Bend, Direction
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Define. Lens.
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A curved peice of glass or other transparent material that is used to refract light.
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A _____ lens is thinner in the center than at the edges.
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Concave
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What happens to parallel light that enters a concave lens?
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Light converges (comes together)
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The primary colors of light are ____, ___, and ____.
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Red, Blue, Green (RGB)
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Define. Pigments
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Substances that are usedto color other materials
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Describe the cornea
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The transperent front surface that protects the eye and also acs as a lens.
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The ____ is a ring of muscle that contracts and expands to change the amount of light that enters the eye. The ____ gives the eyes its color. Iris changes size, not pupil
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Iris, Iris
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The ___ is the part of the eye that looks black. It is actually a hole.
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Pupil
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Define: Retina
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The layer of cells lining the inside of a eyeball.
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The signals generated by the rods and cones travel to your brain along a short, thick nerve called the _____ _____
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Optic Nerve
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In some people the eyeball is slight too ___ or ___.
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Long, Short
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A ___ person can see nearby things clearly, but object at a distance can appear blurry
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Nearsighted
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What kind of eyeglasses woulda nearsighted person wear.
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Ones with concave lenses causes parallel light to diverge
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What does laser stand for?
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Light amplication by stimulatied emission of radiation.
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Name two occupations that use lasers
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Surveyors and Engineers
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What is the speed of light?
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300,000,000 m/sec
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Define. Magnetism
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it is the attraction of a magnet for another magnetised object.
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Unlike poles _____ while, like poles _______.
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Attract
Repel |
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What happens when a magnet is broken into two peices?
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It makes two magnets, both with a North and a South Pole.
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What is the magnetic field?
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It is the region of force surronding the magnet.
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What makes a material magnetic?
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The spin of an electron.
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What is the differenct between a temporary magnet and a permanent magnet.
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Temporary- Keeps it magnetism for a short while
Permanent- Keeps it magnetism forever. |
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Name 3 ways a magnet can lose its magnetism.
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Drop it, Strike it hard, or heat it
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what is magnetic declination?
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It is the angle between the geographic North and the magnetic South poles.
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What is the unit for current
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Amper or Amp
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The charged paticles of the atom are the _____ and _____
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Protons, Electrons
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The charge on a proton is
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Positive
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Opposite charges when placed close to one another will _______, while like charges will _______.
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Attract, Repel
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Buildup of electric charge called-
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Static
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How does static cling occur? What are two ways static cling can be helpful?
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Friction
Plastic Wrap |
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Define static discharge. How does a humid day alter static?
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Loss static, moisture absorbs charges
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Define potential energy.
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Energy of position
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Examples of voltage sources include:
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Batteries, Generators
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The greater the resistance the _____ current for given voltage
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Less
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State Ohms law
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Current= Voltage
----------- Resistance |
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Series circuts have only ____ path. Draw one source, two loads in series, lights on.
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One
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What happens when one of the bulbs burn out? What happens to the circut as more light are added? Why?
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Burns out, the lights get much dimmer.
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