Science Mountains, Volcanoes, And Earthquakes

Front 1

What are the three distinct layers of the Earth?

Back 1

Crust, Mantle, and Core

Front 2

The outer layer of the Earth is made of rock and is called ___________.

Back 2

The Crust

Front 3

The layer of rock beneath the Earth's crust is called the _____________.

Back 3

The mantle

Front 4

The rock of the Mantle is solid but because it is very hot part of the Mantle is ____________.

Back 4

Soft like melted candy.

Front 5

____________ is the center layer of the Earth.

Back 5

The core

Front 6

What is Earth's hottest layer?

Back 6

The core

Front 7

What two parts can the core be divided into?

Back 7

The outer core and the inner core.

Front 8

Although the core is very hot __________ at the center of the Earth keeps the inner core solid.

Back 8

Great pressure

Front 9

The Earth's surface is made up of ____________.

Back 9

Many plates

Front 10

What are plates?

Back 10

Rigid blocks of crust and upper mantle rock.

Front 11

Most of North America, Greenland, and the Western half of the North Atlantic Ocean are on the ______________ plate.

Back 11

North American

Front 12

Part of California and most of the Pacific Ocean make up the _____________ plate.

Back 12

Pacific

Front 13

How many major plates are there?

Back 13

12

Front 14

The enormous plates ____________ on the soft rock of the Mantle.

Back 14

Float

Front 15

The __________ of one plate affects other plates.

Back 15

Movement

Front 16

As plates move around the cause great changes in ___________.

Back 16

Earth's landforms

Front 17

Where plates collide ___________ is released and new ____________ produce.

Back 17

Energy, Landforms

Front 18

South America's Andes Mountains are a result of the ______________ and ______________ plates colliding.

Back 18

Nazca, South American

Front 19

Africa's great rift valley was formed by the ____________ and ____________ plates pulling apart.

Back 19

African, Arabian

Front 20

On land colliding plates results in ______________ and ______________.

Back 20

Mountains rising, Volcanoes erupting

Front 21

The ocean floor plates colliding forms ____________.

Back 21

Deep trenches

Front 22

On land plates pulling apart create _____________ dotted with _______________.

Back 22

Valleys, Volcanoes

Front 23

Under the sea plates pulling apart form ____________ and _____________.

Back 23

Ridges, Volcanoes

Front 24

When plates scrape and slide past each other they ___________ the Earth's surface.

Back 24

Shake

Front 25

Along the San Andreas fault the ____________ plate is moving past the ____________ plate.

Back 25

North American, Pacific

Front 26

What causes an earthquake?

Back 26

Plates rubbing and shaking as they grind past each other.

Front 27

____________ was formed as the Indian plate pushed into the Eurasian plate.

Back 27

The Himalayas

Front 28

Mountains form as the crust _________, ___________, and ___________ because of the movements Earth's plates

Back 28

Folds, Cracks, Bends upwards

Front 29

Most of the highest mountains form where ____________ plates collide.

Back 29

Continental

Front 30

The cascade mountains formed when a ____________ and ____________ plate collide.

Back 30

Oceanic, Continental

Front 31

The grand teetons were formed when pressure from the movement at the boundaries pushed a block of rock _____________.

Back 31

Upward

Front 32

_____________ bubbles up between gaps and plates.

Back 32

Magma

Front 33

What is Magma?

Back 33

Hot soft rock from the mantle

Front 34

What are Mid-Ocean ridges?

Back 34

Underwater Mountains formed by bubbling magma

Front 35

What is the Earth's longest Mountain range?

Back 35

The Mid-Atlantic ridge.

Front 36

What is a volcanoe?

Back 36

A mountain formed by lava and ash.

Front 37

Magma that reaches the Earth's surface is called _____________.

Back 37

Lava

Front 38

Small pieces of hardened lava are called ____________.

Back 38

Ash

Front 39

Chains of volcanoes form when a ____________ plate and a ___________ plate collide.

Back 39

Oceanic, Continental

Front 40

____________ can form at both the edge or in the middle of the plate.

Back 40

Volcanoes

Front 41

_____________ melts a hole through the plate and rises through the hole causing a __________.

Back 41

Magma, Volcanic Eruption

Front 42

The ___________ islands are the tops of a chain of volcanoes that formed in the middle of the pacific plate.

Back 42

Hawaiin

Front 43

What is the Ring of Fire?

Back 43

Volcanoes located at plate boundaries around the Pacific plate.

Front 44

A volcanoe's opening is called a ___________.

Back 44

Vent

Front 45

Broad volcanoes with gentle slopes that are mostly lava are called ______________ volcanoes

Back 45

Shield

Front 46

Tall, narrow volcanoes with steep slopes that are
mostly ash are called ____________ volcanoes.

Back 46

Cindercon Volcanoes

Front 47

Volcanoes that are wide with fairly steep slopes and made up of both lava and ash are called ___________ volcanoes.

Back 47

Composite volcanoes

Front 48

The shaking of the ground caused by a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust is called _____________.

Back 48

Earthquake

Front 49

A ___________ relative strengths or magnitudes of earthquakes.

Back 49

Richter scale

Front 50

How many earthquakes occur each year?

Back 50

More than a million

Front 51

A break or place where pieces of Earth's crust move is called a ______________.

Back 51

Fault

Front 52

An earthquake sends out energy in the form of _____________ waves.

Back 52

Seismic

Front 53

Seismic waves are measured on a ______________.

Back 53

Seismograph

Front 54

What 3 movements do the Earth's plates do?

Back 54

Collide, Pull Apart, Slide Past Each Other

Front 55

Most mountains and volcanoes form at plate ____________.

Back 55

Boundaries

Front 56

What is the theory of how Earth's continents move over its surface?

Back 56

Continental Drift

Front 57

According to the theory, about 225 million years ago, all of the land on Earth was joined together in one "supercontinent" called ______________.

Back 57

Pangea

Front 58

Pangea broke into two continents _____________ and ____________.

Back 58

Gondwana, Laurasia

Front 59

Gondwana contained all the land that is now in the ___________.

Back 59

Southern Hemisphere

Front 60

Laurasia contained the land that would become _____________ and ______________.

Back 60

North America, Eurasia

Front 61

Pangea broke into two continents, then those two continents broke into _______________.

Back 61

The 7 continents we know today.

Front 62

The continents are still moving the __________ ocean is getting wider pushing ___________ and ____________ apart.

Back 62

Atlantic, North America, Europe

Front 63

The continents are still moving the ___________ ocean is getting smaller and ____________ is moving North.

Back 63

Pacific, Australia

Front 64

What is Sedimentary Rock?

Back 64

Rock formed from Sediments that have Cemented together

Front 65

The Grand Canyon is ____________ deep.

Back 65

A mile

Front 66

The Grand Canyon has ______________ different layers of sediment.

Back 66

20

Front 67

What are fossils?

Back 67

Remains or traces of past life found in sedimentary rock

Front 68

Why do scientists study fossils?

Back 68

To find out how life on Earth has changed

Front 69

Within layers of sedimentary rock the youngest rocks are at the ___________ and the ____________ rocks are at the bottom.

Back 69

Top, Oldest

Front 70

From the position of the sedimentary rock scientists can determine the ______________ of the rocks.

Back 70

Relative Age

Front 71

The Grand Canyon's North Rim is about ____________ years old.

Back 71

250 Million

Front 72

How do we know about dinosaurs and wooly mammoths?

Back 72

Fossils

Front 73

Fossils are made as a ____________ or a ______________.

Back 73

Cast, Mold

Front 74

A _____________ forms when underground water dissolves the organism leaving only its _____________ behind in the rock.

Back 74

Mold, Shape

Front 75

If minerals fill in the mold and harden the fossil it becomes a _____________.

Back 75

Cast

Front 76

Fossils of sea organisms found at the top of high mountains tell scientists what?

Back 76

That the mountains were once underwater

Front 77

Scientists use fossil evidence to support the evidence of _____________.

Back 77

Continental Drift

Front 78

Fossils of similar plants and animals and layers of rock have been found in ____________, ____________, ____________, and _____________ which means_______________.

Back 78

Africa, South America, India, Australia, That they were all joined at one point.

Front 79

______________ are scientists that study fossils.

Back 79

Paleontologists

Front 80

What is Weathering?

Back 80

Process of breaking rock into soil, sand, and other particles called sediment

Front 81

What is Sediment?

Back 81

Tiny particles of rock such as soil and sand

Front 82

Physical features on the Earth's surface are called _____________.

Back 82

Landforms

Front 83

What are some forces that change landforms?

Back 83

Movements inside the Earth, Water, Wind

Front 84

After weathering has broken rock into sediment _____________ and ____________ move the sediment around.

Back 84

Erosion, Deposition

Front 85

_____________ is the process of moving sediment from one place to another.

Back 85

Erosion

Front 86

______________ is the process of dropping or depositing sediment in a new place.

Back 86

Deposition

Front 87

______________ is an important agent or component of weathering and erosion.

Back 87

Water

Front 88

The flat areas along river banks where sediments are deposited are called _____________.

Back 88

Floodplains

Front 89

_______________ is new land created when sediment is deposited at the mouth of a river.

Back 89

Deltas

Front 90

The ____________ river Delta is one of the largest in the world.

Back 90

Mississippi

Front 91

Sand blown into large mounds by wind are called ___________.

Back 91

Dunes

Front 92

Wind can _________ and __________ to sediment which in turn can change landforms.

Back 92

Erode, Move

Front 93

_______________ are thick sheets of ice.

Back 93

Glaciers

Front 94

The two types of glaciers are _____________ and ____________.

Back 94

Valley and Continental

Front 95

______________ glaciers are found in high mountain valleys.

Back 95

Valley

Front 96

Valley glaciers erode the mountainside forming _____________ valleys.

Back 96

U-shaped

Front 97

_____________ glaciers are ice sheets that cover large sheets of Earth.

Back 97

Continental

Front 98

Today almost all of _____________ and ______________ is covered by a Continental glacier.

Back 98

Greenland, Antarctica

Front 99

Thousands of years ago, Continental glaciers covered ____________, ____________, and the Northern _____________.

Back 99

Europe, Canada, U.S.

Front 100

A ______________ occurs when a mass of soil full of water moves rapidly downhill.

Back 100

Mudslide

Front 101

_______________ moves wet soil and ______________ move dry soil.

Back 101

A mudslide, Landslide

Front 102

Mudslides, Landslides, and Creep are two types of _____________.

Back 102

Mass Movement

Front 103

______________ is the downhill movement of rock and soil.

Back 103

Mass Movement

Front 104

________________ occurs when soil moves slowly downhill because of gravity.

Back 104

Creep

Front 105

______________ form after rock under the surface has dissolved or become weak.

Back 105

Sinkholes

Front 106

Long ridges of soil and rock left behind when glaciers melted are called _____________.

Back 106

Terminal Moraines

Front 107

The old loop of a river forms a crescent shaped body of water called an _____________.

Back 107

Oxbow Lake

Front 108

Read page summary on pg. C11

Back 108

Read page summary on C19 and C25

Front 109

What site should you go to for vocab?

Back 109

Quizlet