Science Midterms

Front 1

Volcano

Back 1

Is a vent in Earth's crust through which melted --or molten---rock flows.

Front 2

Magma

Back 2

Molten rock below Earth's surface is called magma.

Front 3

Lava

Back 3

Molten rock that erupts onto Earth's surface is

Front 4

Hot Spot

Back 4

Volcanoes that are not associated with plate boundaries are called hot spots.

Front 5

Shield Volcano

Back 5

Shield volcanoes are common along divergent plate boundaries and oceanic hot spots. Shield Volcanoes are large with gentle slopes of basaltic lavas.

Front 6

Composite Volcano

Back 6

Composite volcanoes are large, steep-sided volcanoes that result from convergent plate boundaries.

Front 7

Cinder Cone Volcano

Back 7

Cinder cones are small, steep-sided volcanoes that erupt gas-rich, basaltic lavas.

Front 8

Volcanic Ash

Back 8

Tiny particles of pulverized volcanic rock and glass.

Front 9

Viscosity

Back 9

A liquid's resistance to flow.

Front 10

Earthquake

Back 10

Are the vibrations in the ground that result from movement along breaks in Earth's lithosphere.

Front 11

Fault

Back 11

Is a break in Earth's lithosphere where one block of rock moves toward, away from, or past another.

Front 12

Seismic Wave

Back 12

Energy that travels as vibrations on and in Earth called seismic waves.

Front 13

Epicenter

Back 13

Is the location on Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's focus

Front 14

Primary Wave

Back 14

Also called P-Waves, causes particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion similar to coiled spring.

Front 15

Secondary Wave

Back 15

Also called S-Waves, are slower than P-Waves. They cause particles to move up and down at right angles relative to the direction the wave travels.

Front 16

Surface Wave

Back 16

Cause particles in the ground to move up and down in a rolling motion.

Front 17

Seismologist

Back 17

Scientists that study earthquakes.

Front 18

Seismometer

Back 18

Measures and records ground motion and can be used to determine the distance seismic waves travel.

Front 19

Seismogram

Back 19

A graphical illustration of seismic waves.