Science Mid Term 2010

Front 1

Energy
1. What is energy?

Back 1

When an object has energy, it can make things happen. Energy is the ability to cause change.

Front 2

Energy
2. What is Kinetic Energy?

Back 2

Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its motion. If an object isn’t moving, it doesn’t have kinetic energy.

Front 3

Energy
3. What is Potential Energy?

Back 3

Potential energy is the energy stored in an object because of its position. The potential energy of an object depends on its mass and height above the ground. ***As an object rises and falls, kinetic and potential energy are transformed into each other, but the total energy doesn’t change.

Front 4

Energy
4. What is Thermal Energy?

Back 4

All objects have thermal energy. When an objects temperature increases, the object has more thermal energy. For example, a cup of hot chocolate has more thermal energy than a cup of cold water.
***Burning fossil fuels produces thermal energy that is used to boil water and produce steam.

Front 5

Energy
5. What is Chemical Energy?

Back 5

Chemical Energy is the energy stored in chemical bonds.

Front 6

Energy
6. What is Radiant Energy?

Back 6

The energy carried by light is called radiant energy.

Front 7

Energy
7. What is Electrical Energy?

Back 7

Electrical energy is the energy carried by electrical current.
***A generator converts kinetic energy into electric energy.

Front 8

Energy
8. What is Nuclear Energy?

Back 8

Nuclear energy is the energy stored in nucleus atoms.

Front 9

Energy
9. How do kinetic energy and potential energy differ?

Back 9

Kinetic energy is the energy an object has due to its motion. Potential energy is the energy an object has due its position.

Front 10

Energy Transformations
1. What is the Law of the Conservation of Energy?

Back 10

This law states that energy is never created or destroyed.

Front 11

Energy Transformations
2. What form of energy is the most difficult to store?

Back 11

Nuclear Energy is the hardest form of energy to store because complex power plants need to be constructed for the process.

Front 12

Sources of Energy
1. What are the different sources of energy?

Back 12

The Earth receives energy from two sources- the Sun and the radioactive atoms in Earth’s interior.

Front 13

2. Why is it important to conserve energy?

Back 13

It is important to conserve energy because we are wasting Earth’s resources such as fossil fuels and plastic. It is also important to conserve energy because the waste that is produced generating energy really pollutes the planet.

Front 14

3. What are some nonrenewable resources?

Back 14

Some nonrenewable resources are fossil fuels (oil, gas and coal), and nuclear energy.

Front 15

4. What are some renewable resources?

Back 15

Renewable sources of energy: hydroelectricity, solar, geothermal and wind energy are all renewable resources of energy.

Front 16

5. What are some Alternative Resources?

Back 16

Some alternative resources are: Wind, Solar and Geothermal energy.

Front 17

What is Science?
1. Define Science

Back 17

Science is a way of learning about the natural world.

Front 18

What is Science?
2. What is a Scientific Theory?

Back 18

A scientific theory is an attempt to explain a pattern observed repeatedly on the natural world.

Front 19

What is Science?
3. What is Scientific Law?

Back 19

A scientific law is a rule that describes a pattern in nature. For example, the sun rising every morning is a scientific law.

Front 20

What is Science?
4. What is a System?

Back 20

A system is a collection of structures.

Front 21

What is Science?
5. What is Life Science?

Back 21

The study of living systems and the ways in which they interact is called Life Science.

Front 22

What is Science?
6. What is Earth Science?

Back 22

Earth science is the study of Earths systems and the systems in space.

Front 23

What is Science?
7. What is Physical Science?

Back 23

Physical Science is the study of matter and energy.

Front 24

Science in Action
1. Explain the scientific method.

Back 24

The scientific method is the way scientists find answers by seeing something and asking question about what was observed. Scientists consult with each other, experiment multiple times, research, combine subjects and often infer or make a conclusion.

Front 25

Science in Action
2. What is a controlled experiment?

Back 25

A controlled experiment involves changing one factor and observing its effect on another while keeping all the other factors constant.

Front 26

Science in Action
3. What are variables?

Back 26

Variables are factors that can be changed in an experiment.

Front 27

Science in Action
4. What are constants?

Back 27

Constants are variables that are not changed in an experiment.

Front 28

Science in Action
5. What does a scientist use to infer a conclusion?

Back 28

In order to infer a conclusion, a scientist makes observations, draws conclusions based on what they observed, makes hypotheses, investigates and communicates his/her findings.

Front 29

Models in Science
1. Define Model

Back 29

A model is any representation of an object or an event used as a tool for understanding the natural world.

Front 30

Models in Science
2. What are three basic models?

Back 30

Computer, Ideal and Physical Models are three basic types of models.

Front 31

Models in Science
3. What are the purposes of models?

Back 31

Models are used to communicate, understand better, make test predictions and save time, money and lives.

Front 32

Work and Power
1. Define Work.

Back 32

Work is done when force causes an object to move in the same direction that the force is applied.

Front 33

Work and Power
2. What is the formula for work?

Back 33

Work can be calculated by multiplying the force applied by the distance:

W = Fd

Front 34

Work and Power
3. Define Power.

Back 34

Power is how quickly work is done.

Front 35

Work and Power
4. What is the formula for power?

Back 35

Power can be calculated by dividing the work done by the time needed
to do the work:

P= W
__
T

Front 36

Work and Power
5. Is carrying a book while walking work? Why or why not?

Back 36

Carrying a book while walking is considered work because you are applying force.

Front 37

Machines
1. Define Machine

Back 37

A machine is simply a device that makes doing work easier.

Front 38

Machines
2. Define Input Force.

Back 38

Input force is the force you apply on a machine.

Front 39

Machines
3. Define Output Force.

Back 39

Output force is the force that the machine applies.

Front 40

Machines
4. Define Mechanical Advantage.

Back 40

The mechanical advantage is the number of times the input force is multiplied by a machine or the output force divided by the input force.

Front 41

Simple Machines
1. Define Simple Machine.

Back 41

A simple machine is a machine that does work with only one movement.

Front 42

Simple Machines
2. Define Compound Machine.

Back 42

A machine made up of a combination of simple machines is called a compound machine.

Front 43

Simple Machines
3. Define Inclined Plane

Back 43

An inclined plane is a flat, sloped surface.

Front 44

Simple Machines
4. Define Screw

Back 44

A screw is an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder or post.

Front 45

Simple Machines
5. Define Lever

Back 45

A lever is any rigid rod or plank that pivots, or rotates, about a point.

Front 46

Simple Machines
6. Define Wheel and Axle.

Back 46

A wheel and axle consists of two circular objects of different sizes that are attached in a way that they can rotate together.

Front 47

Simple Machines
7. Define Pulley.

Back 47

A pulley consists of a grooved wheel with a rope or cable wrapped over it.

Front 48

Simple Machines
8. What is the difference between a simple machine and a compound machine?

Back 48

A simple machine is a machine that works with only one movement. A compound machine is made from a "combination" of simple machines.