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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fluid |
Any substance that flows |
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Laminar flow |
the water travels in a straight or almost straight line
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buoyancy |
Tendency of an object in a fluid to rise or sink to differences with it's surroundings |
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Weight |
Amount of force on an object due to gravity.
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Hydraulics |
System that uses a liquid under pressure to transmit a force and do work |
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Density |
Amount of mass contained in a given volume |
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Mass |
Amount of matter in an object or substance (g) |
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Flow rate |
Measure of the speed at which a fluid flows from one point to another: determined by measuring the amount of a fluid that flows past a given point in a point in a given time |
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Viscosity |
resistance of a fluid to flow |
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Pneumatic Systems |
that uses a gas, usually air, under pressure to transmit a force ` |
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Features of a Fluid |
A fluid is something that flows and does not form a pile or a clump |
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Particle Theory |
The particle theory states that: *All matter is composed of tiny particles *Particles are in constant motion *All particles are attracted to one another *Particles move faster as they gain energy *There is space between the particles *All particles in a pure substance are the same, different substances have different particles
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States of matter triangle |
Gas-to-liquid id condensation Liquid-to-gas is vaporization Liquid-to-solid is freezing Solid-to-Liquid is melting Solid-to-gas is sublimation Gas-to-solid is sublimation |
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Viscosity |
The thickness or thinness of a fluid is property called viscosity. Fluids with high viscosity do not flow as easily as fluids with a low viscosity. Temperature is one factor that can have a big effect on viscosity. As the temperature of a liquid increases, its viscosity decreases. As a result, the fluid flows more easily. The warmer the liquid, the faster it flows. AS the temperature of a liquid decreases, the particles slow down. The result is that the viscosity increases. The cooler the liquid, the slower it flows. A liquid is said to be more viscous if it does not flow as readily as another liquid |
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Flow Rate |
1) Laminar flow 2)Turbulent-The water wall be broken and choppy, unable to flow in straight lines 3)Drag-Resistance to flow 4)Streamlined-shapes that create a laminar flow |
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Mass/weight relationships |
Since mass is the amount of matter in an object, the objects mass does not change as a result of gravity The weight of an object is not the sane as its mass. Its determined by the force of gravity on a surface or planet, if it is stronger by 6 times your weight will be six times greater. The metric unit for force is newton(n) since weight is the force of gravity, it is measured in newtons (n). On Earth, a 1.0kg mass has a weight of 9.8W. Thus,if you multiply any mass by 9.8 N/kg, you get it's weight on Earth. This value, 9.8 N/kg is called Earth's gravitation field strength is symbolized by g. |
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Density-(how does the particle theory apply to density) |
Usually solids have a greater density than liquids have greater. Density than causes. The particle theory can help understand this: Particles in solids are tightly packed together therefore there is little space between the particles therefore substance tends to be dense: Solids=Tight Particles= More dense substance particles in liquids have a little more space between them, so they are not as dense. Liquids=Space between=least dense substance particles particles in gas have very large spaces between them then, o they have the lowest density. Gases=most space between-least dense substance particles when a solid is heated until it melts, it becomes less dense because liquids are less dense than solids. Density: is the mass of a substance per unit volume of that substance. It is expressed as g/cm or kg/m Density: for a substance is given in it's most common state at room temperature.
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Density formula |
The density of water is 1g/mL The unit for measuring the density of liquids is usually grams per milliliter (g/mL). For gases, the most commonly used unit is kilograms per litre(kg/L). The unit for measuring the density of solids is usually grams per cubic centimetre(g/cm3). You can calculate the density of a substance by dividing its mass by its volume Density (D)= mass(m) ------------ volume(v)
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Buoyancy |
Earth's gravitational force attracts matter downward toward Earth's centre. A fluid however, exerts an opposite force that pushes matter upward. The upward force exerted by a fluid is called a buoyant force If you want to know whether an object will sink or float, you need to consider all the forces hat are acting on the object *An object will rise in a fluid when: -the density of the object is greater than the density of the fluid -the buoyancy force on the object is greater than the force of gravity on the object *An object will sink in a fluid when: -the density of the object is greater than the density of the fluid -the buoyant force on the object is less than the force of gravity on the object *An object will float in a fluid when: -the density of the object is equal to the density of the fluid -the buoyancy force on the object is equal to the force of gravity on the object.
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Hydraulic/Pneumatic systems
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Hydraulic systems are used to move materials, such as rock, soil, and scrap metal Another benefit of hydraulic systems is that they can multiply the force exerted by a liquid. A hoist uses two pistons of different sized to create pressure to lift a vehicle. A piston is a disk that moves inside cylinder.The small piston is the input piston, pushes down on the liquid to create pressure. The large piston is the outpost piston. This pressure is then transmitted through the liquid, where it pushes up the large piston. Pneumatic systems is a system, that uses a gas, usually air, under pressure to transmit force. In other for a gas to be put to work in a fluid system, it must first be compressed. |
