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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heredity |
The passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring |
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Trait |
Each specific characteristics |
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Genetics |
The scientific study of heredity |
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Fertilization |
A new organism begins to form when an egg and sperm cells join |
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Purebred |
An organism is the offspring of many generations that have the same form of a trait |
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P generation |
crossing 2 purebred organisms |
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F1 generation |
the first generation produced by a cross and consisting of individuals heterozygous for characters in which the parents differ and are homozygous |
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F2 generation |
the generation produced by interbreeding individuals of an F1 generation and consisting of individuals that exhibit the result of recombination and segregation of genes controlling traits for which stocks of the P1 generation differ |
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Genes |
the factors that control a trait |
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alleles |
are the different forms of a gene |
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Dominent alleles |
is one whose trait always shows up in the organism what the allele is present |
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Recessive alleles |
is hidden whenever the dominant allele is present |
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Hybrid |
organism has 2 different alleles for a trait |
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Significance of Mendel’s contribution |
changed scientists’ idea of heredity. They thought the the traits of an individual organism was a blend of the parents’ characteristics. Mendel showed that offspring traits are determined by separate alleles inherited from each parent. |
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Probability |
a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur. |
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Punnett Square |
a chart that shows all the possible ways alleles can combine in a genetic cross |
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phenotype |
visible appearance or visible traits |
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genotype |
genetic makeup or visible traits |
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Homozygous |
an organism that has 2 identical alleles for a trait |
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Heterozygous |
an organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait |
