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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA
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short for deoxyribonucleic acid
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What must the gene material be able to do?
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supply instructions for cell processes and for building cell structures, and is able to be copied each time a cell divides
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nucleotides
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4 subunites that make up DNA
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What does a nucleotide have?
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a sugar, a phosphate, and a base
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What are the four bases?
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adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
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What bases pair up to each other?
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A & T, and G & C
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What is it called when two bases pair up equally?
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Chargaff's rules
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Rosalind Franklin
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the person who created images of DNA molecules
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What did James Watson and Francis Crick discover about DNA?
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DNA resembles a twisted ladder shape known as a double helix
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How does a DNA molecule replicate?
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splitting down the middle where the two bases meet
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What do groups of three bases code?
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a specific amino acid
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What determines the order of amino acids in a protein?
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the order of the bases
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About how many different kinds of proteins does a human body contain?
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50,000 proteins
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mutations
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occur when there is a change in the order of bases in an organism's DNA
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insertion
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occurs when an extra base is added to the order of bases in an organism's DNA
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deletion
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when a base is left out of the order of bases in an organism's DNA
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substitution
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occurs when an incorrect base replaces a correct base in the order of bases in an organism's DNA
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mutagen
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anything that can cause a mutation in DNA
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