Science Ged Terms

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Air Mass

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Body of air with a certain temp & certain moisture content

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Air Pressure

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Weight of the atmosphere

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Air Resistance

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Friction caused by air

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Alpha Particle

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Radioactive particle made up of two protons, & two neutrons bound together tightly

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Alternating Current

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Current where the electrons flow first in one direction and then the opposite direction

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Amino Acids

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The building blocks of proteins

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Amniotic Egg

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Covering that protects and nourishes developing embryo

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Asexual Reproduction

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Reproduction where an organism is produced from a single cell

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Asteroid

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Any of the very small celestial bodies that orbit the sun, mainly between mars & jupiter.

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Astronomy

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Study of all celestial bodies in the universe

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Atmosphere

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Blanket of air that surrounds the earth

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Atom

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Smallest particle of an element that can exist alone

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Atomic Mass

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Sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

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Atomic Number

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Number of protons in an atom, located in the upper left corner of the element on the table of elements.

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ATP

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Compound where energy is stored for later use in a cell.

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Axis

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Imaginary line running through the earths center, from north pole to south pole. On which the earth rotates.

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Axon

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Long fiber in a nerve cell through which a nerve impulse is sent

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Beta Particle

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An electron emmited from the nucleus of a radioactive atom

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Big Bang Theory

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Theory that the universe became with an explosion of dense, hot, compact mass under extreme pressure

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Binary Fission

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Method of reproduction where a cell simply divides Iinto new cells

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Biodegradable

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Organic materials that naturally decompose

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Biodiversity

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Healthy variety of plant and animal species coexisting in an enviorment, making the enviorment more stable

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Biogenesis

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Principle that living things only come from other living things

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Biological Clock

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Internal control of natural behavioural cycles

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Biological Process

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Fundamental property that is common to all loving organisms

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Biology

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Study of all living things

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Black Hole

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Collapsed leftovers of a supernova

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Blue Star

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Massive, Hot star that uses up its hydrogen quickly, expands and turns into a giant or super gaint.

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Boiling

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Process of liquid turning to gas

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Botany

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Study of plants

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Bud

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Part of a plant where growth takes place

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Calorie

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Measure of food energy

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Carbohydrate

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Main source of food energy

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Cartilage

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Tough, flexible material that covers bones and joints

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Catalyst

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Substance that provides a faster mechanism where a reaction may take place

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Cell

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Basic unit of life

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Cell Membrane

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Soft, flexible covering that holds a cell together, and separates it from other cells

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Cell Specialization

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Process where the cells of an organism develop into different shapes, structures, and functions

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Cell Wall

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Tough, flexible covering that surrounds the cell membrane of a plant cell. Animal cells do not have a cell wall.

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Chain Reaction

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Reaction where nuclei are split apart in a controlled way, resulting in a great quality of nuclear energy

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Chemical Bonding

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Process where atoms are combined

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Chemical Change

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Change that produces a new substance, rather than just a new appearance.

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Chemical Equation

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Short hand way of describing what happens in a chemical reaction

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Chemical Formula

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Short hand way of showing which elements are contained in a molecule

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Chemical Reaction

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Process where two or more substances combine to form one or more new substances

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Chemical Weathering

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Softening and crumbling of a rock brought about by chemical changes

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Chlorophyll

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Green substance in a plant cell that is used to capture light energy

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Chloroplast

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An organelle in a plant that contains chlorophyll

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Chromatin

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Genetic material in the nucleus of a cell

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Chromosome

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Group of genes that carry genetic information for various traits

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Circadian Clock

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Biological clock that controls daily activity

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Cloning

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Creating a genetically identical replica of an organism

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Closed Universe

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Theory that the universe at some future time will begin to contract and eventually collapse onto itself as it's original state as a nebula

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Cold Blooded

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Classfication of an organism that cannot control its own internal body temp

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Comet

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Small object made of dust and frozen gas that orbits in a predictable path around the sun

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Complete Metamorphosis

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Type of metamorphosis that takes place in four stages;

Egg, Larva, Pupa, and Adult.

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Composting

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Use of natural biological processes to aid in the decomposition of organic materials

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Compound

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Group of molecules that each contain the atoms of two or more elements

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Condensing

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Process where gas becomes a liquid

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Conductor

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Material where electrons can be made to flow

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Conservation

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Controlled use and preservation of natural resources

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Contaminants

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Substances that harm the enviorment

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Continental Drift

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Movement of continents

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Contraction

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Decrease in size of a substance due to its atoms moving closer together, often caused by a decrease in temp.

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Convection Currents

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Currents of molten rock within the mantle that carry much of the heat to earth surface

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Copernican Theory

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Idea that the sun is the center of the solar system

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Covalent Bond

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Bond where electrons are shared by the bonded atoms of a molecule

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Crust

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Outermost layer of earth

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Crustal Plates

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Exterior layer of earths crust (surface), also called tectonic plates

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Cytoplasm

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Jellylike fluid of water, salt, minerals, and many types of organic molecules that are essential to all life processes

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Dentrite

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Branching fiber on a nerve cell that receives messages from another nerve cell

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Diffraction

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Process where waves spread out into a region behind or around a barrier

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Direct Current

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Electric current that moves in one direction only

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Dissolve

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Become a part of the solution

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DNA

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Large, complex molecule formed by chains of chemical compounds

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Dominant Gene

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One gene in a gene pair that determines the effect of the gene pair

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Ecology

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Study of relationships of organisms to their enviorment

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Ecosystem

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Community of populations of organisms and the habitats and natural resources that affect the community

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Effect

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Result of action or condition

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Egg

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Female sex cell

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Electric Current

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Flow of electrons in a material

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Electric force

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Force that holds electrons in orbit around bb the nucleus of an atom

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Element

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Pure substance composed of identical atoms

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Elliptical Galaxy

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Galaxy that looks lije a sphere or an elongated sphere of stars

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Embryo

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Organism in its early stage of development

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Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Cell organelle that produces lipids, breaks down chemicals, and transports proteins for the delivery to all parts of a cell

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Energy

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Capacity for doing work

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Energy Shells

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Energy levels at which electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom

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Entropy

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Tendency of a system to become randomly disorganized

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Enviorment

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All the living and non living things that affect an organisms life in someway